Nuclear processes are the driving force for the origin of the elements in the Universe and for the dynamics of the astrophysical objects which made them continuously until now. Tremendous progress in experimental and theoretical nuclear physics, paired with advances in astronomical observation and astrophysical modelling, has laid out the basic ideas how the elements have been and are being...
The construction of the RAON (Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments) facility commenced in 2011 as part of the Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP). RAON is designed to produce stable and rare isotope beams for fundamental scientific research and application purposes.
The facility comprises two primary systems: an ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) system powered by a 70...
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University [1] took 14 years to design and establish and has operated as a new user facility since May 2022. More than 400 rare isotope beams have been delivered in the past three years for experiments, supporting an international user community of 1,800 scientists. FRIB is based on a superconducting heavy-ion linear accelerator...
Main researches of Nuclear Research Center in Huizhou are nuclear physics, few topics of foundation physics, interdisciplinary, carbon neutralization energy based on accelerator driven advanced nuclear energy system and the precision radiotherapy. There are two national mega-scale scientific facilities: Highly Intensive Accelerator Facility (HIAF 2018~2025) and Chinese Initial Accelerator...
We introduce the facility upgrade project of "Radioactive Isotope Beam factory" (RIBF). The project was discussed extensively in 2022-2023, and the discussions were summarized in a report [1]. RIKEN started experimental programs with fast radioactive isotope (RI) beams at an inflight separator RIPS in 1990 [2]. RIPS was designed to give intense RI beams for reaction studies. Indeed, the...
After twenty five glorious years of discovery followed by detailed study of Quark Gluon Plasma, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL will cease its operation in 2025. An electron beam facility will be added to the accelerator complex - in partnership between BNL and Jefferson Lab - to convert the RHIC into a high-luminosity high-energy polarized electron-proton (-light ion) and...
There is growing demand for better understanding of highly excited nuclear states. For nuclear astrophysics and practical applications, such as reactor technology and transmutation of nuclear waste, radiative neutron capture commonly described by the Hauser-Feshbach theory requires nuclear level density (NLD) and gamma-ray strength function (gSF) as model inputs. Calculation of effective...
Recently, anti-hyperhydrogen-4, an antimatter hypernucleus, was discovered in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) by the Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC (STAR). This is the heaviest antimatter (hyper)nucleus observed. This talk will review the discoveries of multiple antimatter nuclei and hypernuclei and the exploration of matter-antimatter symmetry in...
We propose a new astrophysical method of supernova nucleosynthesis to constrain still unknown neutrino mass hierarchy and discuss the roles of radioactive nuclear reactions. Explosions of single massive stars, i.e. magneto-hydrodynamic-jet supernova (MHD-Jet SN) and collapsar, and binary neutron-star merger are the viable candidate sites for r-process. We will first discuss when and how these...
Fission reactions induced by relativistic heavy nuclei in combination with a large
acceptance dipole magnet and advance tracking and time-of-flight detectors
(SOFIA detection setup at GSI) allowed for the first time the complete
identification of both fission fragments in atomic and mass number [1]. By using
different target materials, it was also possible to favour fission reactions at...
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) began user operations in May 2022 and has delivered more than 280 rare isotope beams to users, some of which were first-ever discoveries at FRIB. The facility features unique accelerator devices and capabilities, including: 1) the world’s largest heavy-ion superconducting (SC) linear accelerator, capable of accelerating uranium beam up to 200 MeV/u;...
The observation of hyperon local polarization in nucleus-nucleus collisions has opened a new way to study the complex vortical structures and the fundamental properties of the QGP. In this talk, I will discuss recent experimental results from RHIC and LHC, as well as their implications on the understanding of spin polarization in hadronic collisions.
The relativistic density functional theory (DFT) , implemented with self-consistency and taking into account various correlations by spontaneously broken symmetries, provides an excellent platform for the nuclear structure and dynamics. In this talk, the ideas and general formalism of the relativistic DFT will be introduced, together with new developed approaches and applications as well as...
In the experiment, new element synthesis has now succeeded in synthesizing up to element 118 and the periodic table has been named up to Og. Experiments are currently being planned and carried out at experimental facilities around the world with the aim of synthesizing elements 119 and above.
Apart from 48Ca beams, the use of Ti, V and Cr beams is currently being considered. Our group is...
The study of photo-nuclear reactions is crucial for understanding nuclear structure and astrophysical processes. The PANDORA (Photo-Absorption of Nuclei and Decay Observation for Reactions in Astrophysics) project aims to systematically investigate these reactions in nuclei with mass numbers below 60. We will use virtual photon exchange through proton scattering and high-intensity real-photon...
Nuclear medicine has seen a fast growth in the last few years through the approval of novel therapy drugs based on 177Lu for endocrine and prostate cancers - namely Lutathera and Pluvicto - or the first drug for alpha therapy with 223Ra - Xofigo. Those new developments have also opened the door for theranostic applications, where interchanging radionuclides enables to...
The High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) operates at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, using pion, proton, and heavy-ion beams provided by the SIS-18 synchrotron [1]. In February 2022, the HADES Collaboration measured proton-proton collisions at 4.5 GeV momentum using the upgraded setup as part of the FAIR-Phase0 program [2]. One of the key objectives...
The hypertriton($_\Lambda^3$H), a bound state of a proton, a neutron, and a $\Lambda$ hyperon, serves as a unique probe for studying hyperon-nucleon interactions and the behavior of strange quarks in dense nuclear matter. In heavy-ion collisions, the binding energy and spin of $_\Lambda^3$H have been experimentally measured, albeit with significant uncertainties. We propose a novel method to...
The deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc) has proven to be a powerful framework for investigating exotic nuclear phenomena, particularly in nuclei near the drip-lines. By self-consistently incorporating nuclear deformation, pairing correlations, and continuum effects, the DRHBc theory has significantly advanced our understanding of nuclear structure and...
Within the dinuclear system model (DNS) approach the model was built to describe and predict half-live times of $\alpha$-decay and spontaneous fission. DNS model is based on collective coordinates of the distance $R$ between the centers of mass of the clusters and charge asymmetry $\eta_Z = {Z_H-Z_L\over Z_H+Z_L}$, where $Z_{H, L}$ are charge numbers of heavy and light cluster, respectively....
We study photoproduction of light vector mesons, $\rho^0$, $\omega$, and $\phi$ in nuclei by utilizing the Glauber scattering theory for photo-nuclear interactions. Avoiding ad hoc parameterizations of the scattering amplitude and the cross section frequently assumed in the conventional Glauber theory, the subnuclear processes, including vector meson photoproduction $\gamma N \to VN$ and...
Alpha clusters in light nuclei are known to play a significant role in nucleosynthesis. Among them, the Hoyle state with a three-alpha cluster structure is crucial for the synthesis of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ via the triple-alpha-fusion reaction. An ab initio no-core Monte Carlo Shell Model calculations predicted that alpha clusters present not only in the Hoyle state, but also in the ground state...
Besides being Canada's particle accelerator centre with emphasis on nuclear, particle and accelerator physics, TRIUMF has a long history of medical isotope production and radiotherapy. Cancer treatment with different particles has been a long-standing commitment at TRIUMF, first with pion therapy and then with proton therapy, for many years operating Canada's only proton therapy facility. To...
This work is an update of the 2000 publication of magnetic-rotational bands by Amita et al. [1], followed by an unpublished update of 2006 [2], and reviews detailed experimental data extracted from original publications for 228 magnetic-rotational (MR or Shears) structures spread over 117 nuclides, and 38 antimagnetic-rotational (AMR) structures in 28 nuclei, with a brief commentary about each...
The NUSTAR (NUclear STructure, Astrophysics, and Reactions) collaboration [1] aims to exploit the opportunities offered by the FAIR facility. The FAIR-0 experimental campaign, using detection systems built for the future facility, is ongoing at the existing GSI accelerator complex since 2021. Preparation for moving from the present experimental areas to the new facility have started. It is...
The dynamical approach to fission using the multi-dimensional Langevin equation has been extensively used as a practical model for calculating the fission observables, such as fission-fragment mass and total kinetic energy (TKE) distributions and their evolution with the excitation energy of compound nucleus.
We investigated for the first time six-dimensional Langevin calculations with the...
One of the main questions that is of critical interest in nuclear astrophysics is how elements are produced in stars. The traditional nuclear landscape shows that elements are created through the slow (s), rapid (r) and proton (p) processes. Recently, astronomical observations of Carbon-Enhanced Metal Poor (CEMP) stars have shown ``strange” abundance patterns, which cannot be explained by the...
Significant anomalies have been observed in the relative angular emission of electron-positron pairs in the 7Li(p,e+e−)8Be, 3H(p, e+e−)4He and 11B(p,e+e−)12C nuclear reactions [1–3] that have been interpreted as the signature of a boson (hereafter referred to as X17) of mass MX17 = 16.8 MeV/c2. It has been proposed that the X17 could be a vector boson, mediator of a fifth “protophobic” force,...
The gamma-ray decay of nuclear states in the quasi-continuum provides significant constraints on nucleosynthesis processes. In particular, measurements of Nuclear Level Densities (NLDs) and Photon Strength Functions (PSFs) have and will continue to play a central role as these are inputs for the statistical Hauser-Feshbach model. This facilitates the extraction of neutron-capture cross-section...
The inclusion of nucleonic exchange energy has been a long-standing challenge for the relativistic density functional theory in nuclear physics. We propose an orbital-dependent relativistic Kohn-Sham density functional theory to incorporate the exchange energy with local Lorentz scalar and vector potentials, which are solved efficiently using the relativistic optimized effective potential...
We have promoted fission measurement using multinucleon transfer (MNT) reactions. The reaction allows us to study fission of many nuclei, including neutron-rich nuclei, which cannot be populated by other reactions [1]. Also, excitation energy ($E^{*}$) of compound nucleus distributes widely, which can be used to investigate excitation-energy dependence of fission. The experiments were carried...
Identifying nuclei that have a stable octupole deformation is crucial to the search for odd mass isotopes with atomic electric-dipole moments. Observation of an atomic electric dipole moment would indicate CP violation due to physics beyond the standard model. Mean-field calculations predict that octupole correlations are enhanced for certain nuclei in the actinide and lanthanide regions of...
In recent years, the possibility that an anti-kaon ($\bar K)$ could become a constituent particle of a nucleus has been widely discussed based on the strongly attractive $\bar KN$ interaction in the I = 0 channel. After many experimental efforts over the decades, we reported an observation of the simplest kaonic nuclear-bound state, $``K^-pp"$. We observed the state in the $\Lambda p$...
To investigate the characteristics of the hadronic phase in proton-proton (pp) and heavy-ion (AA) collisions, short-lived resonances serve as essential probes. Among them, the f0(980) resonance, with a lifetime of approximately 3–5 fm/c as reported by ALICE, is particularly sensitive to re-generation and re-scattering processes in the hadronic phase, making it highly suitable for...
In the framework of Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-Röpke (THSR) wave function approach, the 0$^+_2$ state at 7.65MeV in $^{12}$C (Hoyle state) is recognized as featuring the Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC)state [1]. When one α-particles in $^{12}$C is replaced with $^{6}$He, a system of three bosons can also be formed. And if all clusters are moving in relative s-wave, it represents a possible...
The measurement of the gravitational acceleration of the antihydrogen in the terrestrial gravitational field is a test of the weak equivalence principle for antimatter and a measurement of the fundamental property of antimatter which was first measured by the ALPHA experiment with 27% precision in 2023. Efforts from a few competitions for better precision have been made. The GBAR experiment...
Without real-time dose conformity feedback during treatment, ion beam therapy relies heavily on the accuracy of treatment planning systems. However, anatomical changes in patients can occur between treatment planning and irradiation, or even during treatment, necessitating the addition of safety margins around the target area to ensure adequate coverage despite these uncertainties. Therapeutic...
The premier accelerator at iThemba LABS is the k=200 Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC). It has been used in the past for nuclear physics research, radioisotope production, and hadron therapy. It will soon be augmented by the South African Isotope Facility (SAIF) with the acceptance of a recently acquired IBA C70 cyclotron that will be dedicated to the production of radioisotopes, principally...
In this talk, I will present results on the first $(\alpha,n)$ cross-section measurements on beams of $^{86}$Kr and $^{94}$Sr. Both reactions are influential for the weak r-process in neutrino-driven winds of type-II supernovae and neutron star mergers. The measurement of $^{94}$Sr$(\alpha,n)$ constitutes the first weak r-process reaction measured with a radioactive beam. This work was enabled...
Fast fission, quasifission, and pre-equilibrium fission are examples of non-equilibrium phenomena that impede the synthesis of super heavy metals by heavy-ion-induced reactions [1].
Understanding the kinetics of these processes requires accurate measurements of mass-energy distributions across a broad range of excitation intensities and compound nuclei.
The growing complexity with increasing...
The study of nuclear electromagnetic moments plays a crucial role in understanding the structure of atomic nuclei [1]. While the electric quadrupole moments in atomic nuclei indicate nuclear deformation and collectivity, the magnetic dipole moments are sensitive to the single-particle properties of valence nucleons. In our nuclear DFT methodology, the intrinsic electric quadrupole and magnetic...
Since the discovery of the X(3872) two decades ago, extensive experimental and theoretical efforts have aimed to clarify its internal structure. Two primary scenarios frequently discussed are a four-quark compact configuration $(u\bar{u}c\bar{c})$ and a $D\bar{D}^*$ molecular configuration. In this presentation, we focus on the two possibility $c\bar{c}g$ hybrid as well as $D\bar{D}*$...
A recent inelastic-excitation and cluster-decay experiment, $^2$H($^{14}$C, $^{14}$C$^*$->$^{10}$Be+$^4$He)$^2$H, was conducted at an incident beam energy of 27.5 MeV/A. Neutron-rich 14C projectile were inelastically excited to high-lying states beyond 20 MeV, which cover the theoretically predicted linear chain molecular rotational band with the $\sigma$-bond configuration. All three final...
The isomeric decay of $^{157}_{\,\,62}$Sm was observed for the first time during experiment G-22-00100-1.1-S (S100), conducted at GSI in the spring of 2024. A novel $^{170}$Er beam was fragmented at 1.08 GeV/u on a 6 gm/cm$^{2}$ $^9$Be target. The fragmentation products were separated and identified using the FRagment Separator (FRS) and implanted in the Advanced Implantation Detector Array of...
The study of nuclear fission continues to attract significant interest due to its fundamental scientific importance and its practical applications in nuclear reactor technology. The FALSTAFF project aims to deliver high-quality experimental data to enhance our understanding of the fission process, particularly in the context of improving predictive capabilities of fission models. These models...
Targeted internal radiotherapy and patient-specific treatment is of great importance for treating advanced staged cancers, allowing for personalised radiotherapeutics to be deployed to treat otherwise unresponsive cancers. Within the radiotherapeutic armoury, Auger-electron therapy is of particular interest since the low-energy electrons deposit their energy over short distances (on the scale...
Can alpha particles be the basic building blocks of atomic nuclei? The conventional mean-field picture with nucleons as basic degrees of freedom is considered to dominate, particularly in the ground state of the doubly magic nucleus $^{16}\mathrm{O}$. On the other hand, alpha cluster theories have predicted their existence in the ground state of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ [1, 2, 3]. Recently,...
At present, using the fusion reaction between the projectile and target nuclei, up to Og has been successfully synthesized and projects to synthesis of new superheavy elements (SHEs) are underway at several facilities around the world. However, the synthesis probability of SHEs is extremely low, and most of them undergo quasi-fission, which cannot sustain a compound nucleus after contact....
The $^{12}$C+$^{12}$C fusion reaction plays a pivotal role in the process of stellar evolution. Despite six decades of studies, there is still a large uncertainty in the reaction rate which limits our understanding of various stellar objects, such as massive stars, type Ia supernovae, and superbursts. In this talk, I will present the preliminary results from the direct measurement of the...
Large-scale nuclear shell-model calculations are performed in Xe, Cs, and Ba isotopes up to mass 142 (Z > 50 and N > 82) assuming tin-132 as a doubly magic core. All the single-particle levels in the one-major shells are considered [1]. For an effective two-body interaction, only one set of the multipole pairing and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions between neutrons and protons is...
There is a limit to the production of neutron-rich nuclei by traditional fusion reactions. Therefore, in recent years, multi-nucleon transfer (MNT) reactions have attracted attention as a method of producing neutron-rich nuclei [1]. However, the reaction mechanism is not yet well understood due to its novelty and complexity. In the future, it will be necessary to estimate the physical quantity...
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) recently completed installation of infrastructure needed to collect, purify, and distribute radionuclides that are the otherwise-unused by-products of normal operations. This process is referred to as isotope harvesting, and it takes advantage of rare isotope production and accumulation in FRIB's water-filled primary beam dump. Anticipated harvesting...
There are indications of the existence of negative-parity linear-chain configurations in neutron-rich 16C nuclei , which is worthy of further study [1,2]. Theoretical studies propose the existence of a Π-σ-bond negative-parity linear-chain rotational band in 16C, which is more isolated from other non-clustering states. Further experiments are needed for its identification.
Based on these...
Heavy-ion fusion reactions are essential to investigate the fundamental problem of quantum tunnelling of many-body systems in the presence of intrinsic degrees of freedom.
The fusion of light nuclei is a base for the understanding of the astrophysics reaction networks responsible for energy production and elemental synthesis in stellar environments [1]. Fusion enhancements are found near the...
In recent years, the synthesis of new superheavy element (SHE) has been paid attention around the world. When synthesizing SHEs, hot fusion using 48Ca as projectile and actinides as targets is successful for many SHEs up to Og (Z=118) [1,2]. In synthesizing SHEs after Z=119 by hot fusion, if 48Ca is used as projectile, it is necessary to use nuclides after Es (Z=99) as targets. However,...
Search for the neutrinoless double beta decay (0nbb) is one of the priority tasks of modern physics. Its discovery would play a fundamental role not only for neutrino physics itself, but also for particle physics and cosmology. To determine the effective mass of the Majorana neutrino from the measured probabilities of 0nbb decay, it is necessary to know the value of the corresponding nuclear...
Since the discovery of fission, heavy-ion induced reactions leading to fission of actinides have been extensively investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental data in the pre-actinide region is limited due to very low fission probability leading to less statistics at low energies where the shell effects are more prominent. However, the unexpected onset of fission-like...
The proton elastic scattering using $^{40}$Ar beam was measured at low energies of 4.41, 5.84, and 8.13 AMeV using the KoBRA at RAON, which is the first physics experiment conducted at the RAON facility. This study aims to address limitations in phenomenological global optical model potentials (pGOMPs) by providing new experimental data and refining optical model potential parameters. Elastic...
The photo-production of vector mesons off the proton has long been established as an important tool to access the gluon content of the nucleon. In particular, the photo-production of J/$\psi$ near the threshold energy has been related to the Gravitational Form Factors of the gluons which provide information about the mass and the force distributions in the nucleon. In this talk, I will present...
There are two dynamical environments in Nature for which the densest forms of nuclear matter can be formed. These are: 1) during the merger of two neutron stars to form a black hole or the merger of a neutron star and a black hole; and 2) during the collapse of the core of a massive star to form a supernova or a black hole. This talk will highlight recent progress toward exploring...
Atomic nuclei are central to electroweak processes, driving the synthesis of chemical elements, serving as laboratories for testing fundamental interactions, and offering critical insights into the Standard Model of particle physics. Advances in many-body theory and high-performance computing now enable unified calculations of nuclear structure and reactions for increasingly complex systems,...
We present a general class of machine learning algorithms called parametric matrix models. In contrast with most existing machine learning models that imitate the biology of neurons, parametric matrix models use matrix equations that emulate physical systems. Parametric matrix models work by replacing operators in the known or supposed governing equations with trainable, parametrized ones....
The SPIRAL2 facility is a new research infrastructure in GANIL powered by its superconducting linear accelerator of light and heavy ions which is currently in operation. The Super Separator Spectrometer (S$^3$) is one of the research facilities aimed at producing exotic nuclei by fusion-evaporation reactions with the accelerated heavy-ion beams, enabling their separation from the primary beam...
Mid-shell Cd nuclei were traditionally considered to be the best examples of vibrational nuclei. Recent studies that combined detailed γ-ray spectroscopy with sophisticated beyond-mean-field calculations had suggested [1,2] that the low-lying 0$^+$ states in $^{110,112}$Cd possessed prolate, triaxial, and oblate shapes with rotational-like bands built upon them. If confirmed, this would have...
The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is been studied with high-energy heavy-ion collisions at various experimental facilities in order to investigate the properties of the phase transition and the QCD phase diagram, from the high-temperature phase such as early universe to the high-density phase such as neutron and compact stars, where the first order phase transition and critical end point are...
The single-neutron strengths and energies of the $1f_{7/2}$, $2p_{3/2}$, $2p_{1/2}$, $0h_{9/2}$, $1f_{5/2}$, and $0i_{13/2}$ valence neutron orbitals outside of doubly magic 132Sn have been determined via the $^{132}$Sn($d$,$p$)$^{133}$Sn reaction at 7.65 MeV per nucleon. The measurement, carried out at CERN’s HIE-ISOLDE facility using the ISOLDE Solenoidal Spectrometer, expands upon the...
The Active Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC) has been used in experiments aimed at the exploration of structural effects in radioactive nuclei using one step reactions such as transfer or elastic and inelastic scattering. When used as a solenoidal spectrometer by placing it inside a magnetic field, the AT-TPC allows to perform this type of measurement in inverse kinematics with much...
Isomers are intriguing excited nuclear states with long half-lives, sometimes comparable or even longer than that of the ground state of the nuclide. The reasons for these long half-lives are diverse, such as large angular momentum differences between states or shape coexistence [1,2]. There is a strong ongoing experimental effort to measure and understand the underlying nuclear structure...
Studies of rare decay channels require special instrumentation providing high efficiency and sensitivity. An example of such an approach is the Optical Time Projection Chamber (OTPC) developed at the University of Warsaw. It was designed to study two-proton radioactivity (2p), but it proved to be an excellent tool for studies of other decay channels accompanied by the emission of charged...
Developing a unified description of finite nuclei based on the underlying interactions between individual nucleons is a long-sought goal in nuclear physics. Two-nucleon removal reactions offer a promising tool to investigate nucleon-nucleon correlations, the fundamental ingredients in nuclear forces. A well-documented case is the electron-induced (e, e’pN) pair removal measurements on a C...
Thermalization of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a crucial theoretical question in understanding the onset of hydrodynamics, and in a broad sense, a key step to the exploration of thermalization in quantum many body systems. Addressing this problem theoretically, in a first principle manner, requires a real-time, non-perturbative method. To this...
I discuss the fluctuations of the net-baryon number near the liquid-gas and chiral phase transitions. I use the parity doublet model to investigate the qualitative properties and systematics of the first- to fourth-order cumulants and their ratios. I show that the fluctuations of the positive-parity (e.g. protons) and negative-parity baryons do not qualitatively reflect the fluctuations of the...
The nuclear structure of doubly magic nuclei, such as $^{100}$Sn and its neighboring isotopes, has attracted significant attention from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. This interest stems from the unique insights these nuclei offer for testing the nuclear shell model and their relevance to the astrophysical rapid-proton capture process [1].
While the region near $^{100}$Sn...
Laser spectroscopy techniques can simultaneously measure multiple fundamental properties of atomic nuclei (spins, electromagnetic moments, charge radii) by probing the hyperfine structure (HFS) and isotope shift of atomic/ionic energy levels [1]. Collinear Laser Spectroscopy is one of the approaches to measure the HFS spectrum, based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and/or resonance...
In this talk, we discuss the properties of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for the kaon and pion within the framework of the nonlocal chiral quark model (NLχQM). The valence quark GPDs of the kaon and pion are analyzed in detail with respect to their momentum fraction x and skewness ξ dependencies in the DGLAP and ERBL regions. Due to explicit chiral symmetry breaking, we observe a...
For nuclei with $N$ around 50, several pieces of evidence supporting shape coexistence close to $^{78}$Ni have been found [1-3]. In particular, the $\sim$940-keV $1/2^+$ isomeric state in $^{79}$Zn, first observed in a $(d,p)$ transfer measurement [4] and recently studied with high-precision mass measurements [3], has been interpreted as an intruder state, related to neutron excitations across...
A reliable prediction of electroweak processes involving a nucleus is required to further understand nuclear structure and other related topics, such as nucleosynthesis and particle physics. In the past two decades, the range of applicability of nuclear ab initio calculations has been rapidly extending and reaching mass number of 200 systems. With controlled uncertainty estimations, an ab...
Precise nuclear mass data is fundamental to the study of nuclear structure and provides important inputs for nucleosynthesis calculations. Low production yields and short half-lives of increasingly exotic nuclei have propelled the development of the multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph (MRTOF-MS) to become a leading method for high precision mass measurement. By reflecting low...
Neutrinos play pivotal roles in determining the dynamics and nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernova explosions and in binary neutron star mergers. However, a crucial element that has not been modeled consistently in the hydrodynamical simulations of these events is the flavor oscillations of neutrinos. It is, however, very challenging to include this element because of the associated...
We have performed precise measurements of the charge-changing cross sections (CCCSs) for $^{18}$O on carbon (C) and lead (Pb) targets at energies around 370 MeV/nucleon. We evaluate the contributions of nucleon-nucleon (NN) and the electromagnetic (EM) interactions to the CCCSs by explicitly considering the direct proton removal process, the charged particle evaporation (CPE) after neutron...
Until recently, the transition of 4He from its ground state to the 0+ first excited state was commonly interpreted as a monopole excitation or "breathing mode" [1]. This mode involves symmetric expansion and contraction of the nucleus, akin to a balloon inflating and deflating, while preserving its spherical shape.
Recent calculations using the No Core Gamow Shell Model (NCGSM), which...
The rise of deep learning has provided transformative tools across numerous scientific disciplines, including nuclear physics, and has attracted significant attention from researchers. However, the 'black box' nature of deep learning often raises concerns about its reliability, particularly in critical applications such as nuclear physics. The reliability of models comes not only from accurate...
The fundamental properties of unstable nuclei are highly related to the nuclear structure and nucleon-nucleon interaction, which can thus be used to study various exotic structures of the unstable nuclei [1]. Laser spectroscopy technique is one of the powerful tools to study the nuclear properties (i.e. spins, moments and radii) by probing the hyperfine structure (HFS) and isotope shift of the...
Femtoscopy is a powerful technique to study the information about the space-time evolution of the emitting source and final state interactions in heavy-ion collisions. Femtoscopy analysis of strange baryons, which contain strange quarks, offer an important role of studying the hyperon-nucleon ($Y$-$N$) and hyperon-hyperon ($Y$-$Y$) interactions. In addition, it can also be used to search for...
In the context of nucleon structure studies, Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) are crucial for understanding the correlation between the longitudinal momentum and the transverse position of partons inside the nucleon. A privileged channel for GPDs studies is the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) process whose experimental observables can provide access to GPDs through spin...
The experimental investigation of the structure of atomic nuclei reveals the presence of different shapes as, for example, spherical or ellipsoidal. The latter can have sizable deviation (i.e., deformation) with respect to the spherical shape. Nuclear deformation is found especially far from the magic numbers of nuclear stability. The evolution of nuclear shapes in different regions of the...
While new magic numbers for N = 32 and 34 have been established in the Ca isotopes, some evidence of deformation and complex particle-hole configurations have been found in nuclei approaching the N = 40 Island of Inversion. To establish these structural changes the information on the isotopic chains of Sc and Ti and the isotonic chains of N = 34 and 36 will be helpful.
The single-particle...
This work centers on providing a multi-purpose deep learning model for time projection chamber detector systems that can be tuned for various tasks such as event identification, particle or track identification, and regression tasks. Time-projection chambers are used across various subfields of nuclear physics experiments to provide three-dimensional “images” of particle reactions or decays....
The nuclear optical model simplifies the complex many-body problem of nuclear scattering by reducing it to a single-particle scattering problem with a complex effective central potential. It has been widely used to describe the scattering of a nuclear particle by a nucleus. With the advancement of rare isotope beam facilities, it is feasible to use exotic deformed nuclei as projectiles. In...
We present recent results on the $\gamma$ decay of peculiar near-threshold states in $^{11}$B and $^{14}$C [1,2], located in the continuum just above the proton- and neutron-decay threshold, respectively. Near-threshold states play a major role to understand the onset of collectivization and clusterization phenomena, as well as the coupling between bound and scattering states, and they have...
The most metal-poor stars offer a unique window into the chemical enrichment processes driven by Population III stars in the early Universe. The observed chemical abundance patterns in these stars provide critical constraints on the nucleosynthetic yields of metal-free progenitors, shedding light on their zero-age main-sequence masses. In this work, we analyze 406 very metal-poor stars with...
Exotic decay beyond the nuclear dripline represents a frontier in understanding the nuclear landscape. Among these phenomena, two-proton (2$p$) radioactivity emerges as a distinctive three-body process, involving the simultaneous emission of two protons from the ground state of even-Z, neutron-deficient nuclei. Recent advancements in measuring proton-proton correlations have reignited interest...
Shell evolution and collectivity in the tin isotopes has been examined rigorously through Coulomb excitation, where enhancements in the experimental B(E2) values in the light Sn nuclei have not yet been explained to satisfaction. To illuminate their structure and investigate nucleon-nucleon interactions, spectroscopic information on single-particle dominated states in the odd-A Sn isotopes...
The gamma band of even-even deformed nuclei has traditionally been interpreted as a vibrational band related to the triaxial vibration of an axially symmetric deformed shape. However, recent theoretical studies suggest that typical gamma bands can be interpreted as a triaxial rotor with a weakly triaxial shape [1]. Neutron-rich Mo isotopes provide an excellent opportunity to explore...
Fluctuations of conserved quantities are proposed as a useful observable to study the QCD phase structure including the search for the first-order phase boundary and critical point [1]. Lattice QCD calculations have shown that there is no critical point for $\mu_B \le$ 450 MeV and few phenomenology models calculations have shown that the critical point could be at temperature of $T \sim$ 100...
Experimental studies of excited states have been performed to probe the evolution of the shell structure in neutron-rich nuclei. In the case of N=50 isotopes from $^{90}Zr$ to $^{78}Ni$, specific excited states correspond mainly to neutron excitations across the N=50 gap. Thus, the evolution of the excitation energy of these states, particularly in the $^{82}Ge$ nuclei, enables to deduce the...
Charged track reconstruction is a pivotal task in nuclear physics experiments, enabling the detection and analysis of particles generated in high-energy collisions. Machine learning (ML) has proven to be a transformative tool in this domain, overcoming challenges such as intricate detector geometries, high event multiplicities, and noisy data. While traditional methods like the Kalman filter...
The Modular Neutron Array (MoNA) Collaboration primarily studies neutron-rich nuclei near the neutron drip line with a large area neutron detector array of plastic scintillators. Fast neutrons up to 200 MeV will be produced from the decay of these unbound systems during experiments conducted at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). Using the four momenta of the decay products, the...
The study of nuclear systems consisting only of neutrons is an actual problem in nuclear physics. Interest to such systems increased after experimental works [1, 2] and theoretical calculations based on realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions (see for example [3, 4]), which declared the existence of a resonant state in a system of four neutrons (tetraneutron).
I present current progress in...
In the paradigm of hierarchical structure formation, we expect that numerous low-mass galaxies had been accreted to the Milky Way and leave their stellar debris throughout the stellar halo, which can be identified through searching for stellar substructures of similar orbital properties among metal-poor stars. However, only with the help of analyzing the detailed elemental abundances of their...
F. Galtarossa$^1$, G. de Angelis$^2$, T. Marchi$^2$, L. Scomparin$^3$, T. Baumann$^4$, D. Bazin$^4$, A. Gade$^4$, A. Gottardo$^2$, P. R. John$^5$, M. Klintefjord$^6$, K. Kolos$^7$, S. M. Lenzi$^5$, D. Mengoni$^5$, C. Michelagnoli$^8$, V. Modamio$^6$, D. R. Napoli$^2$, S. Noji$^4$, J. Pereira$^4$, F. Recchia$^5$, E. Sahin$^6$, J. J. Valiente-Dobón$^2$, K. Wimmer$^9$, D. Weisshaar$^4$, R....
Studying hyper-nuclei yields and their collectivity can shed light on their production mechanism as well as the hyperon-nucleon interactions. Heavy-ion collisions from the RHIC beam energy scan phase II (BES-II) provide an unique opportunity to understand these at high baryon densities.
In this presentation, we report on the directed flow ($v_{1}$) and the elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) of...
Neutron-rich ruthenium nuclei with mass around A≈110 are considered some of the best examples for nuclei with triaxial shape in their ground state. Quantitative information about the deformation in general and the degree of triaxiality in particular was obtained from lifetime measurements of short-lived excited states in 108Ru, 110Ru, and 112Ru. Lifetimes were measured using the recoil...
Over the years there have been many efforts put in trying to understand the electric dipole (E1) strength of atomic nuclei. It is known that the nuclear E1 response is mostly dominated by the IsoVector electric Giant Dipole Resonance (IVGDR), which can be understood as a collective harmonic motion of protons against neutrons [1].
In neutron rich-nuclei, part of the E1 strength is...
Analyses of low-energy elastic scattering cross-section data usually involve fitting the data with phenomenological models, such as R-matrix theory [1]. This popular technique allows for the modelling of resonances in the (A+1) compound nucleus in the scattering region from which resonance parameters such as centroids and widths are obtained.
A limitation of this approach is that the energy...
Mn/Mp, the ratio of neutron to proton quadrupole transition matrix elements has been successfully measured in recent experiments. We perform for the first time a systematic theoretical study of Mn/Mp with the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) for five carbon isotopes and 10Be. We find a good agreement with the available experimental data.
Using the ab initio NCSM, we also...
We investigate the sensitivity of the r-process nucleosynthesis to light mass nuclear reactions. In the core-collapsed supernova and the collapsar, the light mass nuclear reactions play important roles. However, many light mass nuclear reactions with neutron-rich nuclei are still uncertain and the r-process sites are not fully understood. We use the Meyer's code for the reaction network...
Study of light nuclei flow in heavy-ion collisions provides valuable insights
into their production mechanisms and the underlying collision dynamics, making it of
particular interest for both theoretical and experimental
research.
Previous measurements by the STAR experiment have shown the light nuclei directed
flow $v_1$ follow a mass number scaling at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$3 GeV[1].
At...
Measurements of level lifetimes and the extracted transition probabilities are one of the cornerstones of nuclear structure physics. The reduced transition probabilities, B(πλ; $J_i → J_f$ ) yield information about the structure, wavefunctions, and matrix elements of excited states connected by electromagnetic transitions in a given nucleus. The techniques for measuring lifetimes have expanded...
The nuclear shell structure provides an important guide for our understanding of the nuclear structure and the underlying nuclear forces. Following a series of studies on the weakly-bound nuclear region far away from the stability line, many exotic phenomena have been found, such as the emergence of new magic numbers. The study of new magic numbers can provide us with a good perspective on...
Pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) are the final fates of massive stars with an initial mass ranging from 140-260 $M_\odot$. Due to the efficient $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ nucleosynthesis, PISNe can be very luminous phenomena. According to some previous works, not only the PISN progenitor evolution but also the PISN nucleosynthesis is affected from $^{12}\mathrm{C}(\alpha,\gamma)^{16}\mathrm{O}$...
Relativistic heavy ion collisions provide exciting new ways to probe nuclear structures. In this talk, we present model-to-data comparisons for the collisions of very-deformed nuclei (U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 193$ GeV) and slightly-deformed nuclei (Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV) at RHIC. For theoretical calculations, we use a multistage model consisting of...
160-Gadolinium ($^{160}$Gd) is the candidate nucleus for double beta decay with a high natural abundance, 21.9%, and a low $Q$-value, 1.73 MeV, compared to other candidates. The low $Q$-value makes it difficult to observe even two-neutrino double beta decay (2$\nu$2$\beta$). The previous search using Gd$_2$SiO$_5$ (GSO) crystal [Danevich] has not observed it because of background from Uranium...
Hadrons structures are discussed based on various approaches such as constituent quarks, chiral symmetry and heavy quarks, which would be important inputs when discussing dense hadronic matter. For this we show some recent results which we have learned from the study of standard and exotic hadrons. We also discuss property changes of constituent quarks and chiral symmetry breaking at finite...
How different astrophysical events contribute to the synthesis of elements heavier than iron and in particular the role of the rapid (r) neutron capture process, remains an actively debated topic [1]. The r-process was recently observed in the kilonova emission accompanying the unique detection of gravitational waves from the neutron star merger event GW170817 [2]. The EM early emission is...
In this contribution, I will present a short, personal overview of nuclear Density Functional Theory (DFT). Compared to so-called ab initio approaches, DFT is more phenomenological; however, it can be applied throughout the whole isotope chart and used not only to predict ground-state properties, like masses, radii, or intrinsic deformations but also for nuclear spectroscopy. The use of DFT...
I will discuss recent developments for constructing translationally invariant nonlocal optical potentials rooted in first principles and applicable to spherical and deformed targets up through the Ca region. First studies are now available for proton/neutron and deuteron projectiles at low energies and for light-mass targets. These applications build upon the merging of two successful...
The γ-strength function, as a function of the γ-ray energy, is a statistical measure of the probability of hot nuclei in the quasi-continuum to deexcite through emitting γ-rays. The γ-strength function is crucial in the (n,γ) cross sections, and is therefore related to the neutron capture processes in nucleosynthesis. The low-energy enhancement, which is a sharp spike of the γ-strength...
Electron scattering has long been regarded as the gold standard for probing nuclear structures, playing a crucial role in uncovering the internal composition of atomic nuclei and shaping our modern understanding of their properties. Until recently, however, its application has been strictly confined to stable nuclei, leaving short-lived unstable nuclei entirely unexplored*.
After nearly two...
The calcium isotopes are the ideal system to investigate the evolution of shell structure and magic numbers due to the closed proton shell with Z=20. The first experimental evidence of the N=34 sub-shell closure was found in 54Ca at RIKEN [1]. To study the magicity of N=34 and nuclear structure towards N=60, several in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements with proton-induced nucleon...
The KEK Wako Nuclear Science Center (WNSC) has developed the KEK Isotope Separation System (KISS) [1] at RIKEN to study the nuclear structure of the nuclei in the vicinity of neutron magic number N = 126, trans-uranium elements, and actinides. This research aims to explore the origin of heavy elements synthesized by the rapid neutron capture process. These neutron-rich nuclei have been...
The mass origin of neutrinos still remains unknown. One of the possible scenarios is that neutrinos have Majorana masses, which leads to neutrino less double-beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$).
CANDLES is a project to search for the 0$\nu\beta\beta$ events of ${}^{48}$Ca, which has the highest Q$_{\beta\beta}$-value of 4.27\,MeV among the double beta decay isotopes. We developed a CANDLES-III...
In this presentation, we will discuss a method for fully microscopic description of scattering states and many-body quantum tunneling by combining time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDF), antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD), and the generator coordinate method (GCM). In ordinary TDHF and AMD, the motion along the reaction path is classical, making it difficult to discuss quantum effects such as...
The accurate measurement of the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb by the PREX collaboration, using parity-violating electron scattering, has revealed a significant discrepancy between the experimental result and theoretical predictions. To explain the PREX-2 data, a large slope parameter of the nuclear symmetry energy, L, is required. However, a smaller value of L is favored to account for...
The structure of exotic neutron-rich nuclei is one of the main science drivers in contemporary nuclear physics research [1]. The new measurements of pygmy dipole (PDR) and giant dipole (GDR) resonances in neutron-rich nuclei have sparked advancements in nuclear models. The quasiparticle random phase approximation, utilizing the self-consistent mean-field derived from Skyrme effective...
**
Excited States Lifetime measurements in neutron-rich Ca, Ar isotopes: impact on the shell evolution along N=28 and Z=20
**
A. Gottardo$^1$, G. Andreetta$^1$, C. Fransen$^2$, D. Mengoni$^3$, J.J. Valiente-Dobon$^1$
$^1$ INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
$^2$ University of Cologne,...
The study of shapes and collective properties of atomic nuclei is a vast area of research, and low-energy Coulomb-excitation is one of the most powerful experimental techniques for such studies. It provides information not only about the reduced transition probabilities, describing the collectivity of the transitions, but also about the spectroscopic quadrupole moments of excited states, as...
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a next-generation particle accelerator facility designed to probe the fundamental structure of matter such as the origins of nucleon mass, spin, and the dynamic behavior of quarks and gluons within nucleon and nucleus. As the electromagnetic calorimeter in the barrel region, the Barrel Imaging Calorimeter (BIC) is tasked with precise energy measurements of...
We study interference effects in elastic α + 40Ca scattering at Elab = 29 MeV using an optical potential model. The scattering amplitude is decomposed into near-side and far-side components, further divided into barrier-wave and internal-wave parts. Each component uniquely shapes the angular distribution. Applying Fourier transform techniques, we visualize interference patterns and identify...
The M1 scissors mode in deformed atomic nuclei depicts the collective vibration of the proton and neutron systems with respect to each other. There have been suggestions that the M1 scissors mode may explain discrepancies between theoretical calculations using the Hauser-Feshbach theory and evaluated data of radiative neutron captures for many applications ranging from nuclear technology to...
Neutrinoless double beta decay (0vββ) is a powerful method for exploring the mysteries of the universe, such as the matter-dominated universe, lepton number violation, and neutrino mass. CANDLES investigated this phenomenon using 48Ca, which has the highest Q-value at 4.23 MeV among the double beta decay nuclides. Nevertheless, a large amount of double beta decay nuclides is required, but 48Ca...
The rapid neutron capture process, $\textit{r}$ process, is an important pillar of stellar nucleosynthesis, which is responsible for the production of more than half of the elements heavier than iron. However, the physical conditions and astronomical sites for $\textit{r}$ process have not been determined because of the lack of experimental data for the properties of involving exotic nuclei.
...
The dynamical core-corona initialization (DCCI) model [1] is a novel framework to describe the space-time evolution of both equilibrium (the core) and non-equilibrium (the corona) components in high-energy nuclear collisions in a unified mannter. The distinct feature of the DCCI model is to reproduce multiplicity dependence of the yield ratio between multi-strange hadrons and pions through a...
The role of low-ℓ orbits is particularly important in determining nuclear properties such as the nuclear radius. This is reflected into mirror energy differences that have been studied systematically in the sd- and fp-shells using existing data as well as new measurements for T=1/2 and T=3/2 mirror nuclei. Low-ℓ orbits contribute differently to mirror energy differences depending on their...
The effects of three-nucleon force (3NF) have been actively studied by using the nucleon-deuteron (Nd) scattering states. The differential cross sections of the elastic Nd scattering at the energy below 150 MeV can be well reproduced by the Faddeev calculation based on modern nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions and 3NF. On the other hand, the data at 250 MeV was underestimated by the...
The ePIC experiment at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) seeks to uncover the fundamental structure of nucleons and nuclei. The Barrel Imaging Calorimeter (BIC) is an important detector designed to provide high energy and position resolution for photons and electrons. As part of its development, a prototype BIC was built and subjected to a beam test at the CERN PS beamline. In the beam test,...
Since nuclear matter is composed of two Fermi particles, protons and neutrons, the equation of state(EOS) of nuclear matter has a term that depends on the density difference between the two, which is called the symmetry energy. From previous studies, it is known that the first-order density dependence of the symmetry energy $L$ is closely related to the thickness of the neutron skin $r_{\rm...
Time-dependent mean-field approaches, such as time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) or time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), have shown remarkable successes in describing nuclear excitations and dynamics microscopically. Especially, recent TDHF (with or without addition of pairing correlations) calculations have shown that the main (or average) reaction outcomes can be described...
We present the preliminary analysis of an experiment performed at INFN LNL in November 2023 aimed at studying the two-octupole phonon collectivity in Zr. The goal of the experiment was to perform a -decay branching ratio measurement from the 6$^{+}$ to the 3$^{-}$ state, so as to extract the B(E3; 6$^{+}\rightarrow 3^-$) value. If large, this parameter would indicate for the level to be a...
The origin of neutron-capture elements remains a mystery, but heavy element-enhanced metal-poor stars, as the natural laboratory that exists in the Universe, provide unique information to solve the mystery. We selected 84 very metal-poor stars with -3.3 < [Fe/H] < -1.6 based on a joint project with LAMOST and Subaru, and presented a homogeneous abundance analysis of 16 neutron-capture...
The neutrinoless double beta decays of hyperons are studied in chiral effective field theory. The pion mass dependences of the structure functions are discussed, which are helpful for lattice QCD simulations. Numerical results for the branch ratios are obtained, which can be compared with future experimental measurements.
Momentum correlation functions measured in heavy-ion scattering
experiments have attracted significant attention as a source of
information on the interaction between hyperons and nucleons.
The correlation functions between hyperons and deuteron have been
analyzed using theoretical expressions that approximate the deuteron
as a single particle.However, it is essential to treat the...
Uncertainty quantifications are crucial in nuclear reaction calculations. We present a novel scattering emulator utilizing the complex scaling method to enhance nuclear reaction analysis. This approach leverages a single set of reduced bases, allowing for efficient and simultaneous emulation across multiple channels and potential parameters, significantly reducing computational storage and...
The triple-differential yield as functions of the transverse momentum, the rapidity and the azimuthal angle relative to the estimated reaction plane is a critical observable for the collective-flow analysis in heavy-ion collisions. However, the signal could be degraded by imperfect detector performance such as the detection inefficiency and partial coverage of the acceptance in phase space. In...
Optical potential is an important input quantity for the calculations of nuclear reactions. Usually, the optical potentials are obtained by fitting the experimental elastic scattering angular distributions. Through this approach, for a specific colliding system, several potential sets can be obtained with nearly equally good agreements. This is the long-standing optical potential ambiguity...
Neutron-rich nuclei provide important insights to nuclear forces and to the nuclear equation of state. Advances in ab initio methods combined with new opportunities with rare isotope beams enable unique explorations of their properties based on nuclear forces applicable over the entire nuclear chart. In this talk, I will present recently-introduced chiral low-resolution interactions that...
Recent spectroscopic measurements in neutron-rich $N=40$ nuclei towards $^{60}$Ca give an insight into shell structure in this region [1]. Large-scale shell model calculations [2] predicted a sizable collectivity in $^{60}$Ca and the island of inversion extended to $^{60}$Ca.
In this contribution, we will present the results of low-lying states in $N=40$ nuclei by employing the...
Radioactive nuclear decay products are entangled at their creation. Electron capture decays contain just two final state particles: an electron neutrino and a nucleus. Properties of the escaping neutrinos can therefore be determined through measurements of the entangled nuclei. The BeEST experiment implants beryllium-7 directly into superconducting tunnel junctions. After electron capture,...
The mass shifts of chiral partners provide crucial insights into the role of a spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in hadron mass generation. The $K^*$ and $K_1$ mesons, with their vacuum widths under 100 MeV, are particularly well-suited for precise mass shift measurements. However, the distinct momentum dependence of the longitudinal and transverse modes can blur the peak positions. In this...
The equation of state (EOS) is a fundamental property of nuclear matter, crucial for understanding the structure of systems as diverse as atomic nuclei and neutron stars. The importance of studying neutron stars has grown recently due to the observation of gravitational waves from neutron star mergers.
Nuclear reactions involving heavy-ion collisions in laboratories can create nuclear...
Nuclei in the vicinity of driplines have been receiving a lot of attention in nuclear structure studies. Continuum coupling plays a pivotal role in accurately describing weakly bound and unbound phenomena in these nuclei. To calculate observables of the nuclei as open quantum systems, we have developed valence-space effective operators in the complex-energy Berggren basis using many-body...
Study of the properties and structure of exotic nuclei far from stability is a key area of research in modern nuclear physics [1]. High resolution laser spectroscopy is one of the powerful experimental tools for investigating the nuclear properties of exotic nuclei [2], such as the nuclear spins, electromagnetic moments and charge radii. These properties of unstable nuclei continue to deepen...
High-energy nuclear collisions have been recently proposed as a powerful tool to image the global structure of heavy atomic nuclei. We present the first quantitative demonstration of this method by extracting the quadruple deformation $\beta_2$ and triaxiality $\gamma$ for $^{238}$U nuclei, known for its large prolate shape. We achieve this by comparing several collective flow observables in...
A sudden onset of deformation is observed in the ground states of Zr and Sr appearing sharply at $N=60$ [1]. This unique feature will be discussed in the context of state-of-the-art Monte Carlo Shell Model (MCSM) calculations which were the first to successfully reproduce the rapid increase of collectivity and dramatic changes in the low-energy spectra of the Zr isotopes [2]. According to the...
Pre-equilibrium or Pre-compound emission plays an important role in the dynamics of nuclear reactions, particularly, in light-ion-induced nuclear reactions, where it significantly influences the cross-section of reaction products [1-4]. This study presents a novel approach to model the pre-compound emission using machine learning techniques combined with Bayesian algorithms. By leveraging the...
On behalf of the AEgIS collaboration
At CERN's antimatter factory, antiprotons are routinely produced and cooled in bunches utilizing the ELENA/AD decelerators. The low energy antiprotons are distributed to a wide range of trapping experiments primarily aiming at precision tests of fundamental symmetries and interactions [1]. The Antimatter Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy...
The Reactor Experiment for Neutrinos and Exotics (RENE) is designed to investigate sterile neutrino in the Δm^2 ~ 2 eV^2 region. The prototype detector of the RENE experiment features a cylindrical target containing Gd-LS (0.5 ton) and two 20’in PMTs in a box-shaped gamma catcher filled with LS (1.5 ton). The baseline distance is ~23 m from the reactor core. The experiment is in the...
Energy density functional (EDF) theory provides a unified framework for the description of nuclei and of infinite nuclear matter. In principle, it facilitates direct connections between nuclear data and the equation of state. In practice, traditional models have strained to describe finite nuclei and infinite systems at the same time. Recently developed extended EDF models overcome many of the...
Following the suggestion of Weinberg, it is widely believed that chiral effective field theory eliminates the model dependence of theoretical predictions in nuclear systems. We explain why this is not necessarily so.
Abstract
The investigation of nuclei in the mass-90 region provides insight into various aspects of both single-particle and collective excitations. Large-scale shell-model calculations have demonstrated good agreement with experimental data across both low- and high-spin states. High-spin states in the mass-90 region have been observed with multiquasiparticle configurations. The...
The IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP) operates a number of rare-event search experiments, including the AMoRE double-beta-decay search and the COSINE dark-matter search, previously operating at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory in Yangyang, Korea, with new operations now moved to the newer Yemilab facility. Such experiments require extensive radioactivity assay of the detector...
The spontaneous disintegration of unstable nuclei encompasses various decay modes such as $\alpha$-decay, spontaneous fission and ternary fission etc. Ternary fission, involving the simultaneous emission of three fragments, is a relatively rare phenomenon. An appropriate understanding of this process is essential for the incorporation of the dynamics of complex nuclear fragments emitted via...
The structure, formation and evolution of the Milky Way and the nearby universe are cutting-edge fields in contemporary astrophysics. The new era of large-scale surveys has provided us unexpected opportunities to deeply explore our home galaxy. This talk will focus on introducing the new picture of the Milky Way presented based on the modern astronomical observations specially through the...
The extremely low production cross-sections involved in the search for new elements and isotopes at the edges of the nuclear chart require highly optimized experimental setups and conditions. A thorough understanding of the data collected is essential to exclude potential contamination from other reaction products in the detection system.
The ongoing search for element Z = 119 is conducted at...
We employ a statistical approach to investigate the influence of axial asymmetry on the nuclear level density and entropy along the fission pathways of a superheavy nucleus, specifically focusing on the $^{296}$Lv isotope. These pathways are determined within multidimensional deformation spaces. Our analysis reveals a significant impact of triaxiality on entropy. Additionally, suppressing...
We refine our previous calculation of multipole amplitude $E_{0+}$ for pion photoproduction process, γN→πN. The treatment of final-state interactions is based upon an earlier analysis of pion-nucleon scattering within Hamiltonian effective field theory, supplemented by incorporating contributions from the N*(1650) and the KΛ coupled channel. The contribution from the bare state corresponding...
The isospin symmetry of atomic nuclei is broken due to the Coulomb interaction and the isospin symmetry breaking part of the nuclear interaction. The former gives the dominant contribution to the isospin symmetry breaking of atomic nuclei, and the latter is a small part of the whole; however, it sometimes gives important contributions to nuclear properties, such as the mass difference of...
Needs for the high-throughput, trigger-less, and event-lossless data acquisition and processing system is becoming increasingly and commonly not only in high-energy but also in the low-energy nuclear-physics experiments in various accelerator facilities since the beam intensity (or luminosity) becomes higher and the granularity of the detectors becomes larger. This is a serious and common...
The focus of this work is neutron-rich Fe and Mn isotopes with N~40, which lie within an Island of Inversion approximately centered at 64Cr. Here, a quenching of the N=40 sub-shell gap allows multi-particle, multi-hole excitations and deformation to develop in the ground-state configurations of nuclei in the region. Limited spectroscopic information has been collected so far in the...
To understand the processes leading to the formation of heavy elements in stars, it is essential to have detailed knowledge of neutron-induced cross-sections [1]. In the context of rapid neutron capture (r-process), direct measurement of these cross-sections is often impractical due to the short lifetimes and high radioactivity of the relevant nuclei. A common method to address these...
An important scientific challenge to obtain renewable energy-harvesting solutions for a sustainable future requires the investigation of materials functionalities down to the atomic scale. ISOLDE-CERN is the worldwide reference facility for the production and delivery of radioactive ion beams of high purity. The produced beam is dedicated to many different purposes for, e.g., atomic and...
Neutron-rich nuclei in the vicinity of doubly-magic nucleus $^{78}$Ni ($Z=28, N=50$) is important for both nuclear physics and astrophysics. To explore these very neutron-rich isotopes, the question of how to produce them effectively in a laboratory arises. So far, two methods are widely used for production of neutron-rich nuclei: fragmentation of relevant stable nuclei and induced fission of...
Unlike standard like-particle pairing (neutron-neutron, proton-proton) that exists only in the T=1 channel, proton-neutron pairing can exist in both the T=1 and T=0 channels. This coexistence could explain phenomena such as the overbinding of self-conjugate nuclei.
Proton-neutron pairing can be studied by spectroscopy as in ref. [1], or by transfer reactions, as in ref. [2], since the...
The Superconducting Array for Low Energy Radiation (SALER) at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is a new experiment using superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) radiation detectors implanted on-line with rare isotopes to search for physics beyond the Standard Model, initially targeting scalar and tensor current contributions to the weak force. We accomplish this by directly measuring...
$^{229}$Th has the uniquely low nuclear first excited state ($^{229m}$Th) with the excitation energy of 8.356 eV.
This allows excitation using vacuum ultraviolet lasers, which opens up the possibility of realizing a clock based on nuclear energy levels, called nuclear clocks.
It has long been known that $^{229}$Th has a first excited state with low excitation energy, but laser excitation has...
The proton charge radius $r_{p}$ is a fundamental quantity that characterizes the spatial distribution of the proton’s charge and serves as a crucial input for bound-state Quantum Electrodynamics calculations of hydrogen atomic energy levels. In 2010, a groundbreaking measurement using muonic hydrogen spectroscopy yielded an unprecedentedly precise result. However, this result sparked the...
Optimal reactions to produce superheavy nuclei are discussed. The models of fusion are reviewed. The dependence of calculated evaporation residue cross sections on the predicted nuclear properties is presented. The reactions are suggested to produce nuclei with Z=119 and 120, and unknown isotopes of superheavy nuclei. The evaporation residue cross sections are predicted for future experiments....
The Beam Drift Chamber (BDC) is an essential detector for reconstruction of the beam trajectories entering the experimental target of LAMPS (Large Acceptance Multi-Purpose Spectrometer) at RAON (Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments), the rare isotope beam accelerator complex located in Daejeon, Korea. To assess the performance of the BDC, including track reconstruction...
One of the best-known divergences from the independent-particle shell model description of the atomic nucleus is the existence of islands of inversion [1]. The IoI of the region N=40 draws particular attention since the neutron number 40 was postulated as a non-traditional “magic” number and N = 40 represents the boundary between the pf and g shells.
Measurements of B(E2) values and E(2+)...
Abstract
Understanding and mitigation of background plays a crucial role in rare decay studies [1] and measurements of low cross sections relevant to nuclear astrophysics processes [2]. While anti-Compton shield (ACS) helps in enhancing the photopeak efficiency, muon induced interactions in the ACS can introduce additional background. With this motivation, measurements are carried out...
The abundance of $^{26}$Al carries a special role in astrophysics, since it probes active nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way and constrains the Galactic core-collapse supernovae rate. It is estimated through the detection of the 1809 keV $\gamma$-line and from the superabundance of $^{26}$Mg in comparison with $^{24,25}$Mg in solar-system meteorites. For this reason, high precision is necessary...
Recently, elements up to oganesson have been discovered, completing the seventh period of the periodic table. Search for new elements of the eighth period is being conducted at several facilities. At RIKEN, element 119 is being searched using a $^{51}$V+$^{248}$Cm hot fusion reaction. Since the production rate of the superheavy elements is extremely low and even a few percent change in the...
Precision beta-decay measurements offer unique insight into the electroweak part of the Standard Model through a variety of tests including the unitarity of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix. A reliable unitarity test of the CKM matrix requires a precise and accurate value of $V_{ud}$. Several experimental quantities enter into the determination of $V_{ud}$ from...
The structure and decay properties of neutron-deficient nuclei along the $N=Z$ line have been one of the most important focal points of nuclear physics studies. An essential feature of nuclear structure that can affect the $\beta$ decay of $N=Z$ nuclei is the pairing correlation [1,2]. From the recent experimental measurement [3], an enhancement in GT transition strength for the $\beta$-decay...
About 50% of the elements heavier than iron are produced in the so-called s-process, where the lifetime for neutron capture of the nuclei involved is typically longer than their $\beta$-decay lifetimes. In the modeling of the s-process, great uncertainty derives from the competition between neutron capture and $\beta$-decay, in particular in some isotopes called “branching points”. $^{85}$Kr...
A prototype High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector has been designed to maintain energy resolution and throughput performance at count rates in excess of 2 Mcps while providing fine 3D position sensitivity. Conventional HPGe detectors show significant degradation in performance at such count rates, limiting their use in applications including imaging for nuclear medicine, nuclear...
For many years, element discoveries have become synonymous with a 48Ca beam on an actinide target. However, as we move towards discoveries of elements heavier than 118 we have to find new beam-target combinations and use beams of heavier proton numbers. At Berkeley Lab we investigate the use of 50Ti as such an alternative.
As a first step in this development, we produced 50Ti11+ with the...
The spectrum-shape method has been proposed to determine the effective value of the axial-vector coupling constant (g$_A$) with the vector coupling constant (g$_v$=1) in forbidden nonunique beta decays. $^{210}$Bi is an isotope undergoing a first-forbidden nonunique beta decay, and its shape function exhibits strong sensitivity to g$_A$.
Given the short half-life of $^{210}$Bi, the decay...
Thorium-229 possesses an exceptionally low-energy isomeric state (~8.356 eV, $^{229m}$Th), which can be excited using the state-of-the-art tabletop lasers operating in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region [1–3]. The transition from the ground state to $^{229m}$Th is considered a clock transition, offering the potential for a nuclear clock that could surpass current optical atomic clocks in...
The CKM matrix, associated with quark mixing, is expected to be unitary within the framework of the Standard Model. Violation of the unitarity for the CKM matrix would provide a hint such as the existence of fourth-generation quarks [1] or leptoquarks [2,3]. In other words, precise test for the CKM matrix unitarity is one of the precision frontiers in the search for physics beyond the Standard...
The decay of Tz=-1 fp shell nuclei
B. Rubio for the GSI_GANIL_RIKEN collaboration
IFIC (CSIC-Uni. Valencia), Spain
In this talk, I plan to present an overview of recent studies on the + decay of Tz=−1 nuclei in the fp-shell. The overview includes campaigns conducted at GSI, GANIL, and RIKEN. These experiments were carried out at fragmentation facilities using high-intensity primary...
We present preliminary results from our search for the H-dibaryon near the $\Lambda\Lambda$ and $\Xi^-p$ mass thresholds using the E42 detector. The E42 experiment was designed to maximize sensitivity to both a loosely bound H-dibaryon and possible resonances near the $\Lambda\Lambda$ and $\Xi^-p$ thresholds by employing a dedicated Hyperon Spectrometer, whose main detector is a...
The Island of Inversion in the neutron-rich $N=20$ region arises in part due to a significant reduction in the energy gap between the sd and fp shells. Recent theoretical calculations [1] and experimental results in $^{30}$Mg [2] favor a much smoother transition towards the Island of Inversion than previously thought, with considerable fp admixtures in the ground state of $^{30}$Mg and small...
The Global Rare Anomalous Nuclear Decay Experiment (GRANDE) aims to push the frontiers of nuclear and modern physics through the experimental measurement of rare nuclear decays. A key focus of GRANDE is the search for exotic dark-matter particles, including axion-like particles, anapole dark matter, and dark photons in nuclear transitions. Based on observations of rare electron-capture decay...
[PARIS][1] (Photon Array for studies with Radioactive Ion and Stable beams) is an international project aiming on developing and building a novel 4π γ-ray calorimeter, benefiting from recent advances in scintillator technology. It is intended to play the role of an energy-spin spectrometer, a calorimeter for high-energy photons and a medium-resolution gamma-detector. The PARIS is composed of...
Cold fusion reactions are one of the successful ways for superheavy element synthesis. The largest evaporation residue (ER) formation cross-section was found in the reaction 48Ca+208Pb. For the reactions with other Ca isotopes, as well as 40Ar and 50Ti ER cross sections are one or even two orders of magnitude lower compared to 48Ca projectile.
The 48Ca nucleus has a unique structure. It is...
The Muon g-2 Experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has
published in 2023 its measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly, a_mu,
from data collected in 2018-2020, and it is about to release the final
result with the full statistics collected in 2018-2023. The published
result achieved a precision of 220 parts per billion (ppb) and it is
about to be improved by almost a...
The double-magic nature of $^{100}$Sn generates the island of $\alpha$-emitters northeast of this N=Z=50 nucleus. The increase of energy-corrected $\alpha$-decay probabilities was considered to be a signature of enhanced $\alpha$ particle preformation and led to the term "superallowed" $\alpha$ decay for nuclei in the region [1]. The N=Z=52 $^{104}$Te is predicted to be the fastest $\alpha$...
The disappearance of the N=20 shell closure in the so-called “island of inversion” around $^{32}$Mg is one of the most striking examples of the strength of nucleon-nucleon correlations. In this region, the quadrupole-deformed intruder configuration (based on a multi-particle multi-hole configuration) becomes the ground state, subverting the expected shell ordering predicted by a harmonic...
I will discuss low-energy nuclear physics at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven. By comparing the standard theory of electron-nucleus scattering with the equivalent photon method applied to Ultraperipheral Collisions (UPC) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. In the limit of extremely high beam energies and small energy transfers, very transparent equations emerge. We...
Probing fusion inhibition in $^{19}$F+$^{197}$Au via measurement of spin distribution
Gonika$^1$, J. Gehlot$^1$, V. I. Chepigin$^2$, M. L. Chelnokov$^2$, T. Varughese$^1$, Tathagata Banerjee$^{1,a}$, A. Jhingan$^1$, S. Nath$^{1,b}$, I. Mazumdar$^3$, N. Madhavan$^1$ and A. V. Yeremin$^{2,c}$
$^1$Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
$^2$Flerov...
In 2016, the announcement of an anomaly in the Internal Pair Creation (IPC) in the isoscalar magnetic dipole transition in $^8$Be [1] triggered an effort worldwide to investigate this phenomenon. According to the model of Rose for the IPC process [2,3], the $e^+e^-$ angular correlation distribution drops quickly with the $e^+e^-$ relative angle. In contrast, a peak-like behavior was observed...
Neutron induced nuclear reactions play an important role in the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Their excitation functions are, from an experimental point of view, usually difficult to measure. Nevertheless, in the last decades big efforts have led to a better understanding of their role in the primordial nucleosynthesis network. In this work, we apply the Trojan Horse Method to extract the cross...
Although the shell model is fundamental to our understanding of nuclear structure, the breakdown of traditional magic numbers far from stability provides insight into the nature of the underlying nuclear interactions and acts as a tool to test existing models. Islands of inversion (IoI) in the nuclear landscape are characterized by the presence of deformed multi-particle multi-hole (npnh)...
$^{50}$V is one of the high-order forbidden beta decay isotopes of interest in nuclear physics due to its extremely rare decay process. The decays of 50V to the ground states of $^{50}$Ti and $^{50}$Cr are classified as fourfold forbidden decays involving a significant spin change (ΔJ=6).
Notably, the beta decay mode transitioning to 50Ti has never been observed, and its half-life is known...
Treatment on high-level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants is one of the major issues in worldwide for the use of a nuclear power plant. As a promising solution, research and development has been devoted to the partitioning and transmutation technology where long-lived nuclides are converted to stable or short-lived ones for reduction and recycling. In particular, the transmutation on...
The study of the 1f7/2-shell nuclei gives us a unique opportunity to investigate the interplay between single particle and collective excitations. Strong collectivity near ground state, rotational like band structure, shape transitions towards triaxial and non-collective deformations in the natural (positive for even nuclei and negative for odd nuclei) parity bands have been observed in 48Cr...
The processes by which we foster curiosity, educate our youth, encourage people into science, recruit and retain people into physics and welcome them as members of our nuclear physics community are important in building a strong nuclear workforce for the future. Enabling the development of an identity as a scientist or nuclear scientist is a crucial part of mentoring young people to...
Following the discovery of nihonium (Nh: Z=113), the RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science (RNC) has started a new program aimed at producing additional new elements in the eighth period, the 119th and 120th, by hot fusion reactions. To achieve this goal, the RNC has upgraded a superconducting linac accelerator (SRILAC) and a superconducting ECR ion source to increase the beam...
The nuclear beta decay revealed the existence of neutrino more than eight decades ago, but the neutrino still continues to be a puzzle waiting to be unravelled. The mass and nature of neutrinos play an important role in physics beyond the standard model. At present, neutrinoless double beta decay (NDBD) is perhaps the only experiment that can tell us whether or not the neutrino is its own...
We summarize the relationship between chiral symmetry breaking and the masses of hadrons across various flavor representations. Next, we discuss the behavior of vector mesons in matter. Finally, we demonstrate why K1 and K* are appropriate chiral partners that can be realistically measured in experiments.
We outline some of the new developments in our understanding of the baryon spectrum resulting from the simultaneous analysis of experimental data and lattice QCD, using Hamiltonian effective field theory.
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of the
structure of atomic nuclei in the vicinity of doubly-magic 132Sn. In this
presentation, I will summarize the valuable contributions to this progress
made by in-beam and decay gamma-ray spectroscopy experiments performed
at RIBF (Tokyo, Japan). This includes studies of the shell evolution beyond
132Sn, both along the...
The spin-isospin excitations including beta-decay may have strong impacts on the study of strong interactions in nuclear medium, and also the astrophysical phenomena such as the r-process nucleosynthesis together with the photonuclear cross sections, and the large-scale nucleosynthesis network calculations to create elements in the universe. In addition, the Gamow-Teller (GT) and spin-dipole...
The Rare Isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON) has the unique feature of utilizing both Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) and In-Flight (IF) fragmentation systems for the production of rare isotope beams, and the combined ISOL+IF method can produce rare isotope beams different from the one produced by either ISOL or IF technique.
How many RI beams we can produce in RAON...
It has been well known that nuclear collective excitations significantly affect heavy-ion reactions at energies around the Coulomb barrier in several different ways. One of the most well known examples is a large enhancement of fusion cross sections at subbarrier energies due to nuclear deformation. Nuclear deformation is relevant also to fusion for superheavy elements as well as reaction...
The discovery of the exotic heavy tetraquark state X(3872) by the Belle Collaboration and hidden charm pentaquarks ($P_{c\bar{c}}$) by the LHCb Collaboration marked a breakthrough in exotic hadron physics. Following these observations, numerous exotic hadrons have been found. Understanding their production mechanisms and internal multiquark structures will illuminate the fundamental origin of...
Precision measurements of observables that can be accurately predicted by the Standard Model (SM) can be used to search for physics beyond it. One of the most amazing features of the SM is the left-handedness of the charged part of the Weak Interaction. In the presence of new interactions beyond the SM, an interference effect takes place between these and the SM currents. Beta spectra measured...
I will present a mass gap solution of the 1+1D QCD in the large Nc limit known as the ‘tHooft model to discuss a link between QCD and the Light-Front Quark Model (LFQM). I will highlight the interpolation between the instant form dynamics and the light-front dynamics and discuss its utility in the computation of the parton distribution function (PDF). I will then illustrate the...
The Jinping Underground experiment for Nuclear Astrophysics (JUNA) is located in the ultra-low background environment of the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL). JUNA aims to study crucial stellar energy reactions in star evolution through direct experiments. In 2020, JUNA installed a high-current accelerator at the mA level based on an ECR source, along with high-efficiency BGO and...
In the past half century, thanks to ever-growing precision, laboratory analysis of meteorites has revealed clear fingerprints of the nuclear reactions that happen in stars. First major nuclear-burning signatures were found as pure stellar material, in the form of radioactive nuclei and micrometer-sized stardust. More recently, the variable imprint of nuclear processes in stars has also been...
Neutrino wind-driven supernova models provide strong evidence for the production of light, proton-rich heavy elements such as Sr, Y, and Zr, which remain inadequately explained by existing nucleosynthesis processes. This presentation will highlight on advancements in direct measurements of neutron-induced reactions on radionuclides, specifically the $^{56}$Ni(n,p) reaction, which plays a...
In recent decades, the neutrino physics has been a frontier field, advancing our understanding of nuclear and particle physics. Despite numerous experimental observations, some fundamental questions about neutrinos remain unanswered, such as their nature as Dirac or Majorana particles and their absolute mass scale. The search for neutrinoless double beta decay is a powerful tool to address...
Astrophysical observables, such as the luminosity of X-ray bursts, are influenced by nuclear reaction chains occurring within stars. The nuclear properties of both stable and radioactive isotopes involved in nucleosynthesis, including nuclear masses and reaction rates, play a critical role in shaping stellar evolution. However, significant uncertainties in theoretical models and a lack of...
on behalf of the COLLAPS collaboration
Over a decade ago, the first experimental evidence for the N=32 sub shell closure in the calcium isotopic chain emerged [1,2]. Subsequent experimental and theoretical investigations have confirmed this finding. However, in laser spectroscopy measurements extending up to $^{52}$Ca (N=32), no indications of this shell gap were apparent [3]. Crossing...
INFN-LNL is a large scale facility that offers for users access to up to 5 accelerators covering a large range of ions ( from proton to Uranium) and a large range of energy (few hundreds of KeV to few Tens of MeV per nucleon). The flagship project of LNL is SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) that aims at the realization of an accelerator facility for research in the fields of...
The study of nuclear structure around and away from the valley of stability has led to the discovery of new phenomena, such as the occurrence of new shapes, new shell closures and shape coexistence. The detailed study of these features require the use of state-of-the-art gamma spectrometers, such as the AGATA gamma-ray tracking array, providing the highest detection efficiency and position...
We investigate the possibility of the soft dipole resonances in light unstable nuclei, in particular, neutron-rich $^8$He and proton-rich $^8$C nuclei. This exotic resonance is considered to be a collective oscillation of four valence neutrons/protons against the $\alpha$ core. We also discuss the isospin symmetry in these mirror nuclei. We use the five-body cluster model and many-body...
We investigate the phase structure and the equation of state (EoS) for dense two-color QCD at low temperatures using the lattice Monte Carlo simulations. A rich phase structure below the pseudo-critical temperature $T_c$ as a function of quark chemical potential $\mu$ has been revealed. In high density regime, we can see a superfluid phase, where the diquark condensate takes non-zero...
An intriguing anomaly has emerged in our understanding of the weak mixing of quarks, described by the Cabibbo Kobayashi Maskawa (CKM) matrix. Thanks to major strides in both theory and experiment, improved precision in determinations of the first row of matrix elements has revealed disagreement with the expectation of unitarity. The Nab experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source is designed...
The ``neutron lifetime puzzle'' arises from the discrepancy between neutron lifetime measurements obtained using the beam method, which measures decay products, and the bottle method, which measures the disappearance of neutrons.
To resolve this puzzle, we conducted an experiment using a pulsed cold neutron beam at J-PARC. In this experiment, the neutron lifetime is determined from the ratio...
Muonic atom spectroscopy is a technique that studies the atomic transitions between levels that may be occupied by a muon orbiting a nucleus. Due to the heavier mass of the muon with respect to that of the electron, its atomic orbitals will be substantially closer to the nucleus. Consequently, the sensitivity to nuclear effects is enhanced. In particular, muonic atoms have an increased...
Recent development of nobel wave function matching method in nuclear lattice effective field theory enables accurate calculations of energy and radius of various nuclei with high fidelity Hamiltonian. We apply this method to the calculation of binding energies of Carbon and Oxygen isotopes up to dripline and discuss its implications.
In terrestrial experiments one may extract information about the nuclear equation of state (EoS) near saturation density. Developments of astronomical observation technology have enabled the study of the EoS at higher densities, which are difficult to replicate experimentally, through information derived from astronomical phenomena of neutron star. These observational findings not only allow...
High spin states of odd A 81Br were populated using the 82Se(4He, p4n) reaction with the beam energy of 65 and 68 MeV. A pair of nearly degenerate negative parity bands were observed in this nuclues, as well as a negative parity dipole band. Based on the experimental characters of these bands, they were respectively interpreted as a pair of chiral doublet bands based on the π(fp, g9/2g9/2)...
The vast majority of chemical elements and their stable isotopes observed in nature, located in the medium- and heavy-mass regions, were synthesized in hot stars as a result of nuclear reactions. The processes responsible for synthesizing most of the nuclei of these isotopes are called rapid ($r$-process) and slow ($s$-process) neutron capture processes, i.e., (n,$\gamma$)-reactions [1]....
The search for the the multineutron systems is old, but still unsettled problem of the low-energy nuclear physics. Numerous attempts of search for the existence of the tetraneutron as a bound or resonant state have been realized using multiple approaches (e.g. uranium fission reactions, pion-induced double-chargeexchange and transfer reactions). However, no certain evidence of tetraneutron...
The $^{19}$F(p,γ)$^{20}$Ne reaction plays a pivotal role in nucleosynthesis, particularly in the breakout from the CNO cycle to heavier elements. Its contribution is critical to understanding the elemental evolution of first-generation stars and the production of observed calcium abundances in metal-poor stars, but it is still not well constrained as demonstrated in the recent studies.
The...
Korea Broad acceptance Recoil spectrometer and Apparatus (KoBRA) was constructed at the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS), as a part of the Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments facility (RAON) in Korea [1−3]. Stable isotope (SI) or radioactive isotope (RI) beams can be produced using Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources or the Isotope Separation On-Line...
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) refers to a charge separation along an external magnetic field arising from an imbalance of quark chirality in quantum chromodynamics. The CME has been searched for in relativistic heavy ion collisions where such a chirality imbalance has been predicted and a strong magnetic field is created. No firm conclusion has been reached so far because of a large...
Type I X-ray bursts (XRBs) are explosive astrophysical phenomena powered by hundreds of thermonuclear reactions in the rapid proton capture process (rp-process). Sensitivity studies with XRB simulation codes have been used to identify nuclear reactions that have the most impact on observables and should be prioritized for future studies. Due to the high computational cost and time-consuming...
CLaSsy is an experimental setup designed for laser spectroscopy of radioactive isotopes at the RAON Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facility of the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS). Laser spectroscopy provides access to mean-square charge radii through isotope shift measurements and extraction of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments from hyperfine structure...
The dynamics of the three-nucleon system can be extensively studied in the deuteron-proton (dp) system. Experimental investigations of the deuteron breakup in dp scattering allow for observing the effects of various dynamical components, such as the three-nucleon force (3NF) and the Coulomb force. Measurements of cross sections as well as polarization observables (e.g. vector and tensor...
The polarized neutron beam in conjunction with the Nab spectrometer (pNAB) at the Fundamental Neutron Beam Line (FnPB) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) enables groundbreaking simultaneous measurements of the beta (A) and neutrino (B) asymmetries in free neutron decay. These measurements will complement ongoing Nab experiments utilizing an unpolarized neutron beam and the Nab spectrometer...
Shell evolution is an emergent phenomena driven by the residual interactions, in particular by the monopole terms of the nuclear force. One of the most influencial ones is the tensor force, which is atractive between antialigned spin orbits (and viceversa), and is well known for the emergence of the N=16 in place of the traditional N=20 magic number in n-rich Oxygens [1]. Exploring the...
Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a state of matter in which quarks and gluons are deconfined from hadrons. Studying this extreme state has been a major focus of high-energy nuclear physics for several decades. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in the United States has played a central role in advancing our understanding of this phase. In particular,...
The advent of novel cryogenic detectors has significantly broadened the scope of Beyond Standard Model searches at low energy, with promises of shedding light on, e.g., the neutrino mass scale and even fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. Superconducting tunnel junction detectors, for example, have recently been used to pioneer direct spectroscopy of recoiling nuclei following electron...
LEAF (Low Energy Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility) is a high-intensity, low-energy heavy-ion accelerator complex that features a high-performance superconducting ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion source and a high-current, room-temperature linear accelerator. The facility delivers heavy-ion beams ranging from H2+ to uranium, with tunable beam energies between 0.3 and 1 MeV/u. Since its...
This study presents the first direct measurement of the $^{14}\mathrm{O}(α,p)^{17}\mathrm{F}$ cross section using an active target time projection chamber. The reaction is one of the key reactions influencing the light curve of Type I X-ray burst models [1]. Additionally, this reaction rate plays an important role in the break-out from the hot CNO cycle to the rp-process at high temperatures...
The fusion of heavier mass nuclei is a complex process significantly influenced by the entrance channel of the colliding nuclei. Notably, the mass asymmetry of the colliding nuclei can impact the fusion process, with symmetric systems often exhibiting inhibited fusion compared to asymmetric ones, particularly in the mass region around 200 [1,2]. Evaporation residues (ERs) are considered a...
One of the main interests of nuclear physics is to understand
the forces acting between nuclear constituents.
Importance of the three-nucleon force (3NF) in the nuclear
Hamiltonian has been studied in few-nucleon systems
as well as in many-nucleon systems [1--3].
Nucleon--deuteron ($Nd$) scattering,
the three-nucleon ($3N$) scattering system,
offers a good opportunity
to...
The equation of state of matter (EOS) inside neutron stars (NSs) is far from being exactly known. An extremely dense neutron star core is believed to contain exotic matter such as hyperons, quark-gluon plasma and so on, in addition to nucleons. Results from terrestrial nuclear physics experiments and astrophysical observations are routinely incorporated during EOS modelling to simulate cold...
The occurrence of pairs of nuclear states at low energy, differing in orbital angular momentum by two units and corresponding to single-particle states within the nuclear shell model, is frequently observed in odd-mass nuclei located near closed shells across the nuclear chart. Such single-particle states experimentally observed as the ground state and low-lying first-excited state in many...
The current studies of proton-unbound nuclei to be reviewed.
Nuclear structure beyond the proton drip line was addressed in a number of recent experimental and theoretical studies of the light- and intermediate- mass nuclei, see the recent review [1]. The present research status can be summarized as follows:
i) All known 1p and 2p emitters are located by 1–2 atomic mass units (amu)...
Neutrino-induced reactions on nuclear targets, which are important for neutrino detection and neutrino properties, are studied.
The B(GT) and charged-current reactions on $^{40}$Ar were studied based on the monopole-based universal interaction [1] within the $sd^{-2}pf^{2}$ shell-model space [2]. Here, a new effective interaction in the $sd$-$pf$ shell obtained by the extended...
13 beta-delayed two-proton (β2p) emitters are known today: $^{22}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{22,23}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{26}\mathrm{P}$, $^{27}\mathrm{S}$, $^{31}\mathrm{Ar}$, $^{35}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{39}\mathrm{Ti}$, $^{43}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{45,46}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{50,51}\mathrm{Ni}$. The Q-value (the energy released in the decay) is a major determining factor for what type of beta-delayed decays occur, and...
One of the primary goals of nuclear physics is to achieve a unified understanding of baryon-baryon interactions based on flavor symmetry and its breaking. Charge symmetry breaking (CSB) represents a part of the flavor symmetry that is violated by nuclear forces, leading to differences in neutron-neutron and proton-proton interactions, as well as in neutron-Lambda and proton-Lambda...
We developed a LaBr$_3$(Ce) detector array (HANULball) to measure gamma rays with energies up to 10 MeV. The HANULball consists of 10 LaBr$_3$(Ce) detectors arranged in a truncated cuboctahedron structure, each coupled with a photomultiplier tube for detecting scintillation light. Using a 2-MV tandem ion accelerator at KIST, we measured gamma rays from the $^{27} {\rm{Al}}(p,\gamma)^{28}...
The three-nucleon force (3NF) is essentially important to describe nuclear properties, such as the binding energy of light mass nuclei, the equation of state of nuclear matter and few-nucleon scattering systems. The isospin $T=3/2$ components of the 3NF also play an important role in many-nucleon systems especially for neutron-rich nuclei as well as neutron matter properties. Proton-$^3$He...
Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) represents a novel research infrastructure that has been implemented in Romania as part of the pan-European Extreme Light Infrastructure project. The primary focus of ELI-NP is research in the field of nuclear photonics which involves the use of extreme electromagnetic fields for nuclear physics studies and related topics. To this end,...
Onset of hydrodynamics in the hot medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a crucial theoretical question. A first principle calculation requires a real-time, non-perturbative simulation of the quantum system. In the current study, we perform such a simulation using the Tensor Network method, which enables simulations of large scale quantum many-body systems by keeping only the...
The assumption of universal magic numbers, i.e. closed nuclear shells, all across the nuclear chart has been a fundamental paradigm of the nuclear shell model. However, when exploring nuclides far away from stability, a disappearance of well-established shell closures can be encountered, which, for instance, manifests itself in the island of inversion around $N = 20$ [1]. Describing this shell...
Different decay modes of complete/incomplete fusion and pre-equilibrium have been investigated in $^{12}$C+$^{118}$Sn system. The channel-by-channel fusion cross-sections of $^{126}$Ba ($4$n), $^{127,126,125}$Cs (p$x$n), $^{125,123,122}$Xe ($\alpha$$x$n) and $^{124,123}$I ($\alpha$p$x$n) residues have been measured at E$_{\textrm{lab}}$ $\approx$ 65-85 MeV [1]. Experimentally measured...
Spectroscopic factors are generally quenched relative to the occupancy numbers predicted by the independent particle model(IPM) due to nucleon-nucleon correlations, which is quantified by the reduction/quenching factor Rs. Rs extracted from knock-out reactions were found to be strongly dependent on the isospin asymmetry (ΔS = Sn- Sp / Sp- Sn for neutron/proton removing reaction) [1]. However,...
In high-energy nuclear collisions, a considerable number of gluons can be produced in the quark gluon plasma or even the glasma phase as its precursor with overpopulated gluons that may be delineated by fluctuating chromo-electromagnetic fields (or color fields for short) in the color-glass-condensate effective theory. The recent measured spin alignment signals of vector mesons in relativistic...
The relativistic hydrodynamic model has been vital to the analysis of the QCD matter created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Experimental data indicate that low momentum particles are thermal and hydrodynamic, while high momentum particles are non-thermal and perturbative. In this study, we investigate two scenarios - (i) the 'violet' hydrodynamic model where an extended momentum range is...
Nucleons are the building blocks of atomic nuclei,
and are responsible for more than 99 % of the visible matter in the universe.
Around 50 years after the establishment of Quantum Chromo Dynamics as the quantum field theory describing the strong interaction within the Standard Model of particle physics, the precise way in which the quarks and gluons compose the nucleon and build up its...
Recent results and perspectives on hypernuclear physics are summarized based on experimental data at J-PARC and other facilities, and their connection to high-density matter in neutrons stars is also discussed.
Precise investigation of few-body $\Lambda$ hypernuclei ($^3_\Lambda$H, $^4_\Lambda$H, and $^4_\Lambda$He) is of vital importance in determining the hyperon-nucleon interaction....
Multi-modal sensing is enabling new and improved capabilities for the detection and imaging of nuclear radiation in real world environments. This presentation will describe how combining radiation detection systems with contextual sensors such as video, Lidar, and GPS/INS allows the realization of transformational technologies for nuclear safety and security. The integration of multi-modal...
The Korea Broad acceptance Recoil spectrometer and Apparatus (KoBRA) was recently established at the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS) and successfully commissioned in 2024 using a $^{40}$Ar$^{8+}$ and $^{25}$Na beams. This work provides an overview of the beamline detectors installed in KoBRA and highlights their performance during the commissioning process. It also describes the data...
The experimental evidence points to the existence, at short distances, of strongly correlated neutron-proton pairs much like they are in the deuteron or in free scattering processes. As it moves through the nuclear medium, a “bare” nucleon in the presence of the nucleon-nucleon interaction becomes “dressed” in a quasi-deuteron cloud [1], about 20% of the time. A phenomenological analysis of...
The rare isotopes have ushered a new era in nuclear science unveiling structural features that challenge conventional knowledge. The emergence of exotic features like the neutron halo and neutron skin in neutron-rich nuclei are tied to mutations of the nuclear shell closures that are well established from our knowledge of stable nuclei. This raises questions on our complete understanding of...
Isospin symmetry is a fundamental concept arising from the assumed charge symmetry and charge independence of the strong nuclear force. However, a wealth of experimental evidence has revealed isospin non-conserving interactions, which manifest, for example, in the excitation energies of analog states in $T$ = 1 triplet nuclei. Until recently, the triplet energy difference (TED) data were...
Contributors: G. N. Zeminiani, S. L. P. G. Beres, and $\underline{\bf K. Tsushima}$ (presenter)
The presentation will be based on the recently published article $\bf [1]$ below.
For the first time, we estimate the in-medium mass shift of the
two-flavored heavy mesons $B_c, B_c^*, B_s, B_s^*, D_s$ and $D_s^*$ in symmetric nuclear matter. The estimates are made by evaluating the lowest...
Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) is a Monte Carlo macroscopic radiation simulation code in complex three-dimensional geometries[1]. PHITS is a unified program which is intended to treat transport of various particles such as photons, electrons, neutrons, protons, and heavy ions, in wide energy range. PHITS has been used in a variety of practices such as shielding designing...
The heaviest elements are of interest to nuclear and atomic physicists due to their peculiar properties. While nuclear shell structure effects are responsible for their very existence stabilizing them against spontaneous disintegration, the structure of their electronic shells is affected by strong relativistic effects leading to different atomic and chemical properties compared to their...
I will present selected results on nuclear giant and pygmy resonances at zero and finite temperatures based on the recent advancements of the nuclear many-body theory [1-6]. The theory will be compactly introduced in the most general quantum field theory formalism with only the bare fermionic interaction input. A special focus will be placed on the emergent scale of the quasiparticle-vibration...
The DANSS experiment at Kalininskaya NPP is running for already 8 years since
April 2016. The largest in the world in the single experiment statistics of 9 million
inverse beta decay events is collected. The data sample covers 4 full
cycles of the industrial power recator. DANSS experimental program includes both
a search for physics beyond the Standard Model, like sterile neutrinos or...
The $^{12}$C + $^{12}$C fusion reaction is pivotal in the synthesis of elements in stars, yet its cross-section at low energies remains poorly constrained, particularly below 2.2 MeV in the center of mass, which is of prime importance for astrophysics. To address this gap, the LUNA collaboration is conducting a direct measurement of this reaction deep underground at the Bellotti Ion Beam...
We present the development and performance evaluation of two Active-Target Time Projection Chambers (AT-TPCs): a cylindrical-shaped model (TPC-Drum) and a parallelepiped-shaped prototype. These serve as stepping stones for the AT-TPC intended for the low-energy Large Acceptance Multi-Purpose Spectrometer (LAMPS) experiment at RAON. The primary objectives of the TPC-Drum include testing the...
Crucial questions remain unanswered in the heaviest accessible region of $N=Z$ nuclei, where both the neutron and proton Fermi levels are located well inside the $g_\frac{9}{2}$ region. The details of how collectivity varies for $N=Z$ nuclei between $^{56}$Ni and $^{100}$Sn, and the location, and extent, of the maximum collectivity presents a demanding test of our best nuclear-structure models...
Understanding nuclear shape is a crucial problem in nuclear physics, significantly impacting our knowledge of nucleon single-particle dynamics and collective nuclear behavior. While the quadrupole deformation parameter $\beta_2$ has been well studied in terms of magnitude, determining its sign $-$whether prolate or oblate$-$ remains a challenging problem because many observables are sensitive...
Multinucleon transfer (MNT) reaction is attracting interest in the field of astrophysics and superheavy-element research as the reaction can produce neutron-rich actinide and superheavy nuclei. In contrast to fusion-evaporation residue, however, reaction mechanism such as excitation energy and spin distributions of the primary excited compound nucleus is not understood, which will...
Nuclear collective excitation such as giant resonances provides valuable information on understanding the structure of finite nuclei and the equation of state for infinite nuclear matter. The quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) is a suitable theoretical framework for describing collective excitation as a superposition of the two-quasiparticle excitation, but it requires a...
The world's first electron scattering experiment on online-produced radioisotopes (RIs) was successfully conducted at the SCRIT electron scattering facility, located at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory in Japan.
Electron scattering is widely recognized as one of the most powerful and reliable methods for investigating the structure of atomic nuclei due to its well-understood electromagnetic...
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is the most sensitive technique for measuring longer-lived radionuclides in our environment with applications ranging e.g. from archaeology, geology, climate research, biomedical applications to nuclear astrophysics and nuclear physics. I will highlight here three examples where AMS has demonstrated an outstanding performance.
-) When and were are the heavy...
The ISOLDE facility at CERN is one of the most versatile and prolific facilities worldwide for the production of exotic isotopes using the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) method. The HIE-ISOLDE project has realized a cutting-edge superconducting post-accelerator capable of delivering radioactive ion beams with energies up to 10 MeV/u, making ISOLDE an unique facility worldwide to accelerate...
Various low-energy nuclear reactions play an important role in astrophysical phenomena. In low-energy nuclear reactions, the contribution of resonance states is significant. We discuss the impacts of molecular resonances on ${}^{12}$C+${}^{12}$C fusion and other reactions.
The ${}^{12}$C+${}^{12}$C fusion reaction is a key in the evolution of massive stars and X-ray superbursts. However, due...
The Beryllium Electron capture in Superconducting Tunnel junctions (BeEST) experiment searches for the signature of sub-MeV heavy neutrino mass eigenstates in the decay of $^7$Be by precisely measuring the nuclear recoil energy of the $^7$Li daughter nucleus using superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) cryogenic sensors. In Phase-III of the experiment, we utillized a 36-pixel array of the STJ...
With the arrival of the HiCARI campaign [1] to the RIBF facility at RIKEN (Japan), a series of in- beam gamma-ray spectroscopy experiments was performed in order to expand the previous spectroscopic information on exotic, neutron-rich nuclei of intermediate mass. Previously, incompatible results regarding the reduced transition probability for the decay of the first excited 2 + state, B(E2),...
Cross section data and associated uncertainty quantification regarding neutron scattering can be lacking or missing especially for stable nuclei found in common materials. This lack of information negatively impacts nuclear studies. Elastic scattering knowledge is particularly limited for many stable isotopes, especially in the MeV incident neutron energy where scattering is the most probable...
The formal concept of isospin has been introduced to explain the apparent exchange symmetry between neutrons and protons. However, if the nuclear force were the same for protons and neutrons properties such as masses and excitation energies would depend only on the mass number A. Recent studies have shown that the Coulomb force cannot account for all deviations, suggesting that other...
To address the lack of accurate data for $^{202g}$Pb production, the Tri-Lab Effort in Nuclear Data (TREND) undertook an effort to measure the cross section values for the proposed $^{nat}$Tl(p,x)$^{202g}$Pb reaction pathway. Prompt in-beam gamma and neutron spectroscopy were performed at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron as an extension to the TREND collaboration’s recent stacked-target measurement...
Exotic dipole excitations, such as Pygmy Dipole Resonances (PDR) and Toroidal Dipole Resonances (TDR), provide valuable insights into nuclear dynamics and structure. The PDR, associated with neutron skin oscillations, represents an excitation mode where weakly bound neutrons oscillate against the core. In contrast, the TDR, characterized by vortical nucleon motion, introduces a distinct...
The in-gas-jet laser spectroscopy technique is a powerful tool to study atomic and nuclear properties of short-lived actinides. Such studies are important to understand the atomic level scheme of these heavy elements, which is influenced by strong electron correlations and relativistic effects. Also, fundamental nuclear properties such as moments, spins and charge radii are unknown for most of...
The hypertriton ($^3_\Lambda$Η) is the lightest Lambda-hypernucleus, consisting of one proton, a neutron, and a Lambda. This simplest Lambda hypernucleus has been an essential benchmark for hypernuclear physics. However, the primary properties, mass and lifetime, still have systematic experimental uncertainties. The Lambda-binding energy ($B_\Lambda$) is reported to be $130\pm50$ keV based on...
The Hoyle state in 12C (7.654, 0+) is a famous clustered state whose peculiar properties are key for determining the rate at which carbon, one of the most abundant elements in the Universe, is forged in stars. The competition between alpha- and radiative- decays of this peculiar state crucially affects the relative abundance of carbon and oxygen in the Universe and the mass limits for the...
Over the years, elastic scattering measurements involving light radioactive projectile nuclei have gained much interest. One of the main objectives of such measurements is to understand the various reaction mechanisms that play a role in the elastic scattering process. Elastic scattering using boron isotopes as projectiles has been shown to be an intriguing case for investigating several...
The semi-magic $^{120}_{50}$Sn$_{70}$ lies in the neutron mid-shell among the other stable Sn isotopes, where shape coexistence was observed with the signature of deformed 2p-2h bands built on excited $0^+$ states intruding into the yrast band that is built on the spherical ground state. However, the lifetime of the excited $0^+_3$ only has a lower limit of 6 ps in the literature, which...
Lifetimes of the low-lying excited states in the yrast bands of $^{93}$Ru and $^{94}$Ru were measured using the $\gamma$-$\gamma$-$\Delta T$ method. The experiment was carried out at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN. The $^{93}$Ru and $^{94}$Ru were produced by in-flight fragmentation of a $^{124}$Xe primary beam, impinging on a $^9$Be target. These ions were transported...
The pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) is typically associated with an enhancement in the low-lying electric dipole response of stable and unstable heavy nuclei, appearing on top of the tail of the giant dipole resonance (GDR). Despite the ongoing debates regarding its origin, its emergence is commonly linked to the presence of the neutron excess and might potentially affect the neutron-capture...
The neutron-deficient lead region is considered as having a large manifestation of deformation [1-3]. Within this region, neutron-deficient gold isotopes (Z = 79) exhibit unique phenomena: charge radii revealed a plateau of strong deformation around N = 101~107 region, known as “island of deformation” [4]; remarkable growth in deformation was also observed at 187Au as well as the large...
Radioisotopes for monitoring the effects of Climate Change on marine Ecosystems: the REMO/ClimOcean project at SPES/LNL RIB facility
G.de Angelis$^1$, M.D. Marin$^2$, E. Nácher$^3$, B. Rubio$^3$, J. Balibrea-Correa$^3$, T. Cámara$^3$, A. Capasso$^2$, E. Capilla$^3$, I. Daniello$^2$, V. Delgado$^3$, D. García-Párraga$^4$, J. Lerendegui-Marco$^3$, M. Martínez-Roig$^3$, V. Matozzo$^2$, G....
High-precision experiments of $p$-shell hypernuclear production have been successfully carried out at the Jefferson Laboratory (JLab), disclosing novel excited states. As one of the next advanced experiments, $_{\Lambda}^{40,48}$K production experiments are being planned. These experiments focus on the interaction between a $\Lambda$ hyperon and nucleons in a neutron-rich environment, and...
Carbon isotopes provide an important platform to examine the shell closure of Z=6, which was suggested to exist in $^{14}$C due to the spin-orbital splitting of $0p_{1/2}$ and $0p_{3/2}$ [1-3]. However, it is not yet clear whether $Z=6$ closure persists in other Carbon isotopes, although there is some evidence in the proton distribution radii [1,4-7]. The first $2^+$ state in $^{16}$C was...
We have investigated the seniority feature of $^{94}$Pd with its level lifetime measured by the fast-timing technique. The experiment was carried out at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN. $^{94}$Pd was produced by in-flight fragmentation of a $^{124}$Xe primary beam impinging on the $^{9}$Be target. The secondary cocktail beams were identified using the BigRIPS separator and...
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in laser-driven ion accelerators as a potential alternative to conventional accelerators [1]. A particularly promising application is the production of radionuclides relevant for medical diagnosis, such as 11C for PET imaging. Typically, the production of these nuclides is centralised at cyclotrons, reducing the number of facilities required,...
The study of exotic nuclei is one of the most fascinating frontiers in nuclear physics. Nuclear radii, including charge radius and neutron root-mean-square (rms) radius, are important properties for atomic nuclei, offering critical insights into the structure of exotic nuclei. In this work, based on the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc), the charge radii for...
The toroidal dipole resonance (TDR) is a remarkable example of the electric intrinsic vortical flow in nuclei [1-3]. In conventional hydrodynamics of gases and liquids, such a flow is known as a Hill’s vortex ring. TDR is a general feature of atomic nuclei independently on their mass number and shape. However, the unambiguous observation of the toroidal mode is yet a demanding task for the...
In this study, we introduce deep learning technologies for studying hadron-hadron interactions. To extract parameterized hadron interaction potentials from collision experiments, we employ a supervised learning approach using Femtoscopy data. The deep neural networks (DNNs) are trained to learn the inverse mapping from observations to potentials. To link between experiments and...
Neutron-Neutron strong interaction strength is of importance in understanding the charge symmetry breaking of nuclear force, as well as in describing the nuclear matter properties in neutron rich environment. Measuring the n-n scattering length is not feasible in direct scattering process because there is no neutron target available. However, it can be done by using the two-particle ...
The shell model has underpinned much of our understanding of nuclear structure for over 70 years. However, many fundamental questions about the nature of atomic nuclei remain unanswered. Obtaining high-quality data to determine key spectroscopic observables, such as electromagnetic transition strengths, and direct measurements of single- and two-nucleon properties form important steps towards...
We examine the effects of plasma on nucleosynthesis and propose methods to directly measure thermal nuclear reactions under astrophysical conditions, accounting for plasma effects. These effects are incorporated by solving the Boltzmann equation for photons, addressing both longitudinal and transverse components, which alter the dielectric properties and susceptibility of plasmas composed of...
The heavy flavor(HF) quarks are produced in the initial hard scattering of heavy ion collisions. This allows us to access information from the very early stage of the collision and the intermediate stages, especially the strong interaction with the medium, supposedly created with a high density and temperature, so-called quark-gluon-plasma. The observed HF hadrons encapsulate the information,...
Polonium isotopes having two protons above the shell closure at $Z = 82$ demonstrate a wide variety of high-spin isomeric states across the whole chain.
The structure of neutron-deficient isotopes up to $^{210}$Po ($N = 126$) is well established thanks to being easily produced through different methods, as opposed to their neutron-rich counterparts for which not much information is currently...
Ab initio calculations of atomic nuclei aim at describing their structure and reaction properties starting solely from the basic interactions between nucleons. In the past decade, thanks to developments in many-body theory and in the modelling of nuclear forces, ab initio techniques have steadily progressed and are now able to reach several tens of isotopes up to mass A~100, as well as...
Precision measurements in nuclear beta decays are sensitive probes to test the foundations and symmetries of the Standard electroweak Model and to search for exotic couplings presently excluded by the V-A theory in processes involving the lightest quarks. The main aim of such measurements is to highlight deviations from the Standard Model predictions as possible indications of new physics,...
The neutron-removal reaction $^{36}$S($p,d$)$^{35}$S was studied at iThemba LABS up to an excitation energy of E$_x = 16$ MeV to investigate the effectiveness of the $N = 20$ shell closure and examine the neutron $d_{5/2} - d_{3/2}$ spin-orbit splitting in $^{36}$S. An unexpected and pronounced $j$-dependence of the cross-section angular distributions at forward angles enabled the study of...
The growing field of quantum computing shows potential for studying nuclear many-body systems. Unfortunately, current quantum-computational costs do not scale well even for the leading orders of nuclear effective field theories. Our work presents a two-step method for solving hard-to-simulate Hamiltonians. First, we solve the simplest part of the Hamiltonian as a zeroth-order step. This can be...
The symmetry energy is the term that depends on the neutron-proton asymmetry in nuclear equation of state of nuclei and nuclear matter. It is a critical parameter to understand not only the basic properties of nuclear matter, but also the stability of the neutron stars in the Universe. Over the last several decades, nuclear symmetry energy has been studied by comparing the experimental data...
In unstable nuclei, single particle orbits undergo rearrangement, leading to various shell evolution phenomena, such as the new magic number $N=14$ and $N=16$ observed in neutron-rich O isotopes [1]. But in $^{16,17}\mathrm{C}$, the $N=14$ magic number disappear, and the $2s_{1/2}$ and $1d_{5/2}$ neutron orbits are nearly degenerate, which were proved by the close s- and d-wave states of...
Structure and neutron correlations of nuclei at and beyond the neutron drip line have attracted lots of attention in the last decades [1-3]. They are not only important for advancing our understanding of the structure and interactions of the finite nuclei, and could also bring new insights into the properties of neutron-rich matter that makes up neutron stars. In this talk, I will discuss our...
In this presentation, we will discuss the scientific objectives and prospects of the upcoming experimental campaign at the Heavy Ion Laboratory (HIL) in Warsaw. The integration of the modernized Recoil Filter Detector (RFD) with the EAGLE gamma-ray spectrometer [1] offers new opportunities to advance spectroscopic studies of deformed medium-mass nuclei at high spins. This setup is designed to...
Beyond Bi ($Z=83$) and the $N=126$ neutron shell closure, the longest lived isotopes of each element are found beyond $N=134$. This is due to the fast alpha decay of isotopes towards the $N=126$ shell closure. While this has been well established, information on the ground state properties is missing for Po ($Z=84$) isotopes. Moreover, this region is known for the occurrence of octupole...
A quadrupole-octupole axially symmetric geometric model is proposed for the description of alternate parity bands in even-even nuclei [1,2] and parity doublet bands in odd mass nuclei [3]. The shape and the dynamical behaviour of the considered nuclei are ascertained from the phenomenology of the adopted model and the obtained parameters. The model parameters exhibit a regular evolution as a...
Multiparticle emission, a novel decay mode discovered in proton-rich and neutron-rich nuclei at and beyond the dripline, represents a frontier in nuclear physics. Impressive experimental progress has been made for nuclei unbound by two or three protons [1]. However, multineutron emission remains largely unexplored on the neutron-rich side due to the very limited capability of multineutron...
A mete-stable isotope 176Lu has been used as a nuclear cosmochronometer for evaluating the ages of formation of parent bodies of meteorites and mantle-crust formation of planets and asteroids. However, there have been two critical problems. First, the measured values of the half-life of 176Lu are in the wide range of (3.5-4.1)x10^10 y. Second, the half-life values obtained from by analysis of...
Quarkonia serve as powerful probes for investigating heavy quark dynamics and bound state behavior across multiple scales in heavy ion collisions. The production of prompt charmonia primarily reflects interactions between charm quarks and medium components, while nonprompt charmonia, produced through B hadron decay, illuminate beauty quark behavior. High-$p_\mathrm{T}$ measurements provide...
The Standard Model as a very successful theory of electroweak interactions postulates the basic assumption about the pure „V(ector)-A(xial vector)“ character of the interaction. Nevertheless, the existence of other types of weak interactions (Scalar, Tensor) is still not experimentally ruled out. Low-energy searches for these „forbidden components“ studying e.g. β-ν angular correlations in...
Machine learning and quantum computing are new tools for scientific research and attracted strong interests in nuclear physics. We applied the Bayesian machine learning for evaluation of noisy, discrepant and incomplete fission yields, which is a practical example of machine learning in nuclear physics [1,2,3], for which it is crucial to merger with physics information in machine learning....
The study of the symmetry energy term in nuclear equation of state (EOS), has been one of the most prominent research topics in nuclear astrophysics, both in the theoretical and experimental domains in the last decade. The importance of the symmetry energy lies on its dependence on nucleon density which finally determines the reaction rates involving electrons and neutrinos, particle...
8He with 2 protons and 6 neutrons exhibits the most extreme neutron to proton ratio of all known nuclides. It decays by beta-decay with a lifetime of 119ms and a Q-value of 10.65MeV. The decay of 8He is challenging to measure and interpret because the decay produces final states as diverse as 8Li+gamma, 7Li+n, 7Li+n+gamma and triton+alpha+n. The decay mechanism of the decay channel with three...
Heavy-ion collisions, particularly those involving rare-isotope beams, provide a crucial opportunity to investigate properties of high-density nuclear matter. To study these collisions, we use the DaeJeon Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (DJBUU) transport model, which solves the Relativistic Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation via the test-particle method. In this framework, nucleons propagate...
We discuss heavy quark diffusion and radiation in an intermediate-momentum regime where finite mass effects are significant. Based on the collision kernel for diffusion, elastic scattering and semi-collinear gluon-bremsstrahlung can be consistently incorporated into a Boltzmann equation that involves the heavy quark diffusion coefficient. Using the running coupling constant and the diffusion...
Improved Search for Tensor Interactions in Nuclear Beta Decay
X. Fléchard$^1$, R. Garreau$^1$, T.E. Haugen$^2$, L. Hayen$^1$, M. Kanafani$^1$, S. Leblond$^3$, E. Liénard$^1$, X. Mougeot$^3$, O. Naviliat-Cuncic$^{1,2,4}$, A. Rani$^1$, J-C. Thomas$^5$, S. Vanlangendonck$^6$
$^1$Université de Caen Normandie, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen UMR6534, F-14000 Caen, France
$^2$Facility for...
Based on the configuration interaction shell model, the quartet amplitude is defined to calculate the formation probability of $\alpha$ particle during $\alpha$ decay. Within such theoretical framework, the $\alpha$ formation probability of Po isotopes are calculated. The results are consistent with the $\alpha$ formation probability extracted from the experimental $\alpha$ decay half-life.
Three reactions,$^{32}$Si(t,p)$^{34}$Si, $^{32}$Si($^{3}$He,d)$^{33}$P with the SOLARIS spectrometer and $^{34}$S(t,p)$^{36}$S with the HELIOS spectrometer, were measured in inverse kinematics at a 6.3 MeV/u incident energy in order to investigate the structure of nuclei around the “island of inversion”. Outgoing proton and deuteron spectra were measured from an angular range of ~20-40...
Quantum resonances are remarkable phenomena observed across various systems, including atomic nuclei. A well-established theoretical method for calculating resonance properties is complex scaling [1], in which we scale the co-ordinate by a complex phase factor $\theta$ i.e $r \to re^{i\theta}$, transforming the Hamiltonian to $H({r}, \theta) = U(\theta)H(r)U(\theta)^{-1}.$ This widely used...
The 𝛽-decay of neutron-rich nuclei generated during the fission processes at the cores of nuclear reactors have played a key role in our understanding of neutrino physics and are the source of energy production following reactor shut down known as decay heat. Measurements of the antineutrino flux produced from the beta decay of these nuclei had shown a 6-10% discrepancy between the measured...
Nuclear chronometer provides an independent dating technique for the cosmos by predicting the ages of the oldest stars. Similar to geochronology, the ages are determined by comparing the present and initial abundances of long-lived radioactive nuclides. In nuclear cosmochronology, the present abundances can be obtained from the astrophysical observations whereas the initial abundances have to...
This study discusses the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to address critical challenges in nuclear reactor safety and efficiency, with a focus on fault detection, predictive maintenance, and the optimization of secondary cooling systems. The paper presents an innovative hybrid machine-learning approach for monitoring reactor performance, detecting...
The decay of $^8$B into $^8$Be is of great interest for both nuclear structure and astrophysics. For astrophysics, the decay of $^8$B is the main source of solar neutrinos with energy higher than 2 MeV mainly coming from the intense (88%) beta branch of the $^8$B decay to the 3 MeV state of $^8$Be.
From the nuclear structure point of view, the 2$^+$ ground state of $^8$B is the only...
The neutron-proton effective mass splitting (Δm*np) is investigated through analyses of heavy-ion collisions using the improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) model with both standard and extended Skyrme interactions. We find a strong correlation between the slope of the neutron-to-proton yield ratio with respect to the kinetic energy (i.e., Sn/p) and...
For certain nuclei long-range octupole-octupole residual interactions can cause a reflection-asymmetric (pear) shape to occur. This octupole deformation, combined with quadrupole deformation, causes a separation between the centre of mass and centre of charge in the nucleus, resulting in a significant electric dipole (E1) moment. This effect enhances the strength of the E1 and electric...
Around us we see an universe filled with galaxies, stars and planets like ours. But when we look back to the Big Bang and the processes that created the matter in it, at first we observe that there should have been created the same amount of matter and antimatter, consequently the universe would be empty or different than it is now. Sakharov suggested several conditions to explain the...
Neutron-rich nuclei in the A∼100 region show rapid change in shape as a function of both proton and neutron numbers. The shape of some of the even-Z nuclei in this region also exhibits ellipsoidal oscillations, known as gamma vibrations. These gamma-vibrational bands are a measure of triaxiality and gamma softness in this region. Furthermore, the two-phonon gamma-vibrations also provide tests...
Halo nuclei are a group of nuclei characterized by the combination of a low binding energy for their last nucleons and an unusually large spatial extension that deviates from the standard r=r$_oA^{1/3}$ relation. The first empirical observation of this behaviour came from experimental measurements of the interaction cross-section for neutron-rich nuclei, to be more precise, when the scattering...
To fully exploit the high precision data on heavy quarkonium, collected at the LHC in run2 and the ongoing run3, to improve our understanding of hot nuclear matter and the Quark-Gluon plasma, novel observables beyond R_AA and v_2 are called for.
Using the open quantum systems language, recently introduced in the study of in-medium heavy quarkonium [1], we take inspiration from cold atom...
The ‘island’ of fission isomers identified in the actinide region (Z = 92 - 97, N = 141- 151) originates from multi-humped fission barriers, which can be understood as the result of superimposing microscopic shell corrections to the macroscopic liquid drop model description. In a recent experiment, fission isomers $^{240f,242f}$Am have been produced with deuteron-induced reactions on a...
Measurements of the production of heavy-flavour hadrons performed at the LHC in recent years have provided crucial insights into the hadronisation mechanism of heavy quarks.
The enhancement of baryon-to-meson production yield ratio observed in pp collisions compared to that in $\mathrm{e}^{+}\mathrm{e}^{-}$ collisions cannot be described by models developed under the traditional approach...
L. Domenichetti, C. Michelagnoli, J. M. Daugas
Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Av. des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
M. Scheck, J. Deary, J. Keatings
School of Computing, Engineering, and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
G. Colombi, V. Bildstein, P.E. Garrett
Dept. of Physics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone
Road East, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
J....
Recent decades have witnessed exponential growth in both the quality and volume of experimental nuclear data, driven by advancements in detector technologies and accelerator capabilities. Gamma-ray spectroscopy, in particular, has benefited from these technological improvements, enabling the collection of increasingly complex datasets from large-scale spectrometers such as GRIFFIN and TIGRESS...
Nuclear resonant states far from the stability line provide a stringent test of nuclear forces at extreme isospin asymmetry. Nowadays, it is possible to make ab initio nuclear-structure calculations for very light nuclei. In this talk, I will report on the low-lying resonant states of extremely neutron-rich 9He and 10He populated via the proton induced knockout reactions from 2n-halo nucleus...
States above particle emission thresholds in $^{11}$B have been of recent interest due to its possible role in $\beta^-$ delayed proton emission from $^{11}$Be. To provide more data on this region, excitation energies from 8.4 to 13.6 MeV were studied using (d,p) reactions on enriched boron targets. A 16-MeV deuteron beam was produced at Florida State University's John D. Fox Superconducting...
In the region of neutron-rich nuclei centered around $^{32}$Mg (Z=12, N=20) known as the N=20 Island of Inversion, the conventional neutron magic number N=20 is known to no longer hold. Furthermore, around $^{24}$O (Z=8, N=16) a newly emerging neutron magic number of N=16 has been suggested. Detailed spectroscopy of the excited states in nearby $^{25}$Ne (Z=10, N=15), which abides in this zone...
The existence of long-lived super heavy elements depends on the presence of shell gaps that increase nuclear stability against fission. The largest effects are expected in the so-called Island of Stability (IoS), where the next main spherical gaps are predicted to exist, near proton number $Z$=114, 120 and neutron number $N$=184. Small energy gaps occurring near $Z$=100,108 and $N$=152,162...
We report on the kinematically complete measurement of the Coulomb breakup of the two-neutron halo nucleus $^{14}$Be on Pb at 220 MeV/nucleon at SAMURAI,RIBF,RIKEN. The previous study [1] showed significantly large E1 excitation of $^{14}$Be at low excitation energies, which was indicative of the revelation of the soft E1 excitation for halo nuclei, while the statistics was very low and the...
A key step toward a better understanding of the nucleon structure is the study of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). GPDs are nowadays the object of an intense effort of research since they convey an image of the nucleon structure where the longitudinal momentum and the transverse spatial position of the partons inside the nucleon are correlated. Moreover, GPDs give access, via Ji's sum...
The emergence of cluster correlations in finite quantum many-body systems is a fundamental topic in nuclear physics. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of $ \alpha $-clusters in the nuclear surface of $ \mathrm{Sn} $ isotopes [1]. In the present study, we focus on the hypothesized correlation between the $ \alpha $-cluster formation probability and the $ Q_{\alpha} $ value. In the...
To more precisely constrain the Equation of State (EOS) of supradense neutron-rich nuclear matter, future high-precision X-ray and gravitational wave observatories are proposed to measure the radii of neutron stars (NSs) with an accuracy better than about 0.1 km. However, it remains unclear what particular aspects (other than the stiffness generally spoken of in the literature) of the EOS and...
The J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility was established to investigate the origin and evolution of matter in the universe through experiments utilizing the world’s most intense particle beams. Over the past decade, the facility has made significant advancements in particle and nuclear physics. To further expand its research scope and explore uncharted areas of physics, an extension of the...
I will discuss heavy quarks and heavy flavor hadrons at high temperature, high baryon density, strong magnetic field and strong rotation.
I will present some of our later results on the $^{213}$Pb neutron-rich nucleus [1] studied using the unique availability of a primary 1 GeV $A$ $^{238}$U beam and of the FRS-RISING setup at GSI. The products of the uranium fragmentation were separated in mass and atomic number and then implanted for isomer decay $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy. A level scheme from the decay of the $21/2^+$ isomer,...
Nuclei with neutron excess, along and far from the stability valley, shows up a hump, in the excitation region close to the neutron emission threshold, in the isovector dipole strength distribution. This is well separated from the Isovector Giant Dipole Resonance (IVGDR) and with a very small percentage of Energy Weighted Sum Rule (EWSR). This new excitation modes, the so-called Pygmy Dipole...
A sustained and skilled workforce is crucial for advancing nuclear science, both in uncovering the fundamental building blocks of matter and in developing innovative nuclear technologies. This presentation underscores a long-term dedication to training and inspiring students across all educational levels—from middle and high schools to universities—through active engagement in nuclear physics...
The heaviest elements on the periodic table ($Z = 114-118$) were first produced using beams of $^{48}$Ca in fusion-evaporation reactions with actinide targets. Since no target material with $Z > 98$ is available in sufficient quantities, a beam with higher $Z$ is required for new element discovery campaigns. At the 88-inch cyclotron facility of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory significant...
Photon vortices are light that carry large orbital angular momentum (OAM) in quantum level [1]. They can be described by Laguerre-Gaussian or Bessel wavefunctions, which are waves being the eigenstates of the distinct angular momentum along their propagation direction . Unlike plane-wave photons, photon vortices interact differently with materials because their OAM changes the process where...
$^{187}$Ta (Z = 73, N = 114) is located in the neutron-rich A $\approx$ 190 region where a prolate-to-oblate shape transition via triaxial softness is predicited to take place. Using high mass resolving power at the Experimental Storage Ring at GSI, the ground state and two long-lived isomers in $^{187}$Ta were previously identified with their masses, which were translated into excitation...
Nuclear fission occurs when a nucleus splits into smaller nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy. Although nuclear fission was discovered more than seventy years ago, accurately predicting its behavior based on the basic constituents of nuclei remains challenging due to the extremely high dimensionality of the quantum space involving numerous particles. Hence, an approximation scheme...
The inner crust of a neutron star can be approximated by a dilute gas of strongly interacting non-relativistic two-component fermions, which is characterized by a large negative scattering length and small interaction range. The extreme limit for which both the inverse of the scattering length and the interaction range become zero corresponds to a unitary fermi gas which can be realized from...
The Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry ($A_{\mathrm{N}}$) provides valuable insights into the motion and structure of quarks and gluons within a nucleon. The RHICf experiment, in collaboration with the STAR experiment, measured neutral particles in very forward ($\eta > 6$) regions in transversely polarized $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 510 GeV during the 2017 data-taking period. Previous...
Outreach and science education are essential for making scientific inquiry accessible to a wider audience. These efforts help people understand how scientists acquire knowledge through experiments and observations, emphasizing evidence-based learning and the importance of repeatability in research. By engaging the public, outreach initiatives foster scientific literacy and empower individuals...
One of the pillars for the study of exotic nuclides and astrophysical processes is the precise knowledge of the nuclear binding energy, which is directly and model-independently deduced from atomic-mass data. Tackling the increasing challenge to determine the mass of isotopes having low production yields and short half-lives, multi-reflection time-of-flight (MRTOF) mass spectrometry has grown...
This ABSTRACT is prepared for the J-PARC-HI collaboration.
For further development of physics research using high energy heavy ion beams (>10 GeV/u) in the Asia-Pacific region, we are planning to accelerate heavy ion beams at the J-PARC accelerator facility, which consists of a 400 MeV proton linear accelerator (LINAC), a 3 GeV Synchrotron (RCS), and a 30 GeV Main Synchrotron (MR), which...
After the determination of the Bose-condensed structure for the Hoyle state in C-12, continuous experimental works have been devoted to the observation of the BEC-like states in other nuclear systems. We present here a series of reaction-decay experimental works, which provide strong evidences of the 4-alpha condensation-like states in O-16 [1], the alpha + 2n + 2n condensation-like states in...
Neutron stars serve as unique natural laboratories for studying nuclear matter under extreme conditions. The temporal evolution of neutron star luminosity and temperature is intricately linked to various physical properties including the equation of state (EoS) of dense nuclear matter, nucleon superfluidity and superconductivity, envelope composition, and magnetic field, allowing us to...
Neutron-rich nuclei around A ≈ 200, near the doubly magic 208Pb, are particularly intriguing due to their transitional nature. Both collective and intrinsic degrees of freedom likely play a critical role in determining their level structure. Furthermore, experimental studies of nuclei near closed shells provide an excellent opportunity to test shell model predictions based on effective nuclear...
J-PARC is one of the world’s highest-intensity proton accelerators for material and life sciences, neutrino physics, and hadron and nuclear physics in a few ten GeV energy range. J-PARC-HI (J-PARC Heavy-Ion Project) aims to accelerate heavy-ion beams at J-PARC. A new heavy-ion injector consisting of a new heavy-ion linac and a booster ring are required, while heavy-ion beams from the injector...
Nucleon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) appear as building blocks in the collinear factorized description of amplitudes for a class of hard exclusive reactions prominent examples being hard exclusive pion electroproduction off a nucleon in the backward region and baryon-antibaryon annihilation into pion and a lepton pair.
We discuss general properties of nucleon-to-meson...
The multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph (MRTOF-MS) [1] is one of the tools for high-precision direct mass measurement of the nuclides. We have operated several MRTOFs in the RIKEN RIBF facility. The SHE-Mass facility, which couples MRTOF-MS + α-TOF detector with the gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS-II [2], is working on the mass measurement of heavy and superheavy nuclides...
Back-angle quasi-elastic (QE) scattering provides critical barrier information in massive nuclear reactions leading to the synthesis of superheavy nuclei. The shapes and peaks of QE barrier distributions serve as fingerprints of nuclear structures and reaction dynamics. In this work, we extend the high-accuracy R-matrix method [1] and the finite element method [2-4] to solve the...
Thermal dilepton and photon production rates are central probes for understanding QCD at high temperatures. As a consequence there is a strong interest to determine them using lattice QCD calculations. However, this is made difficult as they are related to thermal spectral functions that are not directly accessible through lattice calculations. Instead, they are indirectly obtainable through...
Neutron stars are high-density steller objects composed mainly of neutrons and are one of the most important research targets in nuclear physics. Neutron stars are known to exhibit sudden changes of its rotational velocity, known as "pulsar glitches". It has been believed that glitches are mainly caused by dynamic rearrangemenmt of superfluid neutron vortices in the inner crust of neutron...
Sub-barrier transfer experiments have been recently carried out at LNL in the 60Ni+116Sn system [1,2,3], where the two neutron transfer channel is well Q-value matched. Reaction products have been detected in inverse kinematic and at forward angles with the large solid angle magnetic spectrometer PRISMA, providing high efficiency and resolution. In these studies one follows the behavior of the...
Decay modes and total half-lives of nuclei in the entire region of nuclear chart will be discussed with the use of the spherical-basis method [1]. This method is developed for calculation of ground-state nuclear masses, known as the KTUY mass model [2], and of potential energy surface (including fission barrier height) against nuclear deformations [3]. The global properties of each nuclear...
The pillar for outreach in particle physics, which is nowadays an integral part of our work as researchers, is IPPOG, the International Particle Physics Outreach Group. IPPOG is a network of scientists, science educators and communication specialists working across the globe in informal science education and public engagement for particle physics. The flagship activity of IPPOG is the...
ALICE 3 is the next-generation heavy-ion experiment proposed for LHC Run 5 and 6. Its tracking system will be based on a vertex detector, integrated into a retractable structure inside the beam pipe to achieve the best possible pointing resolution, and a large outer tracker, surrounding the vertex detector and covering a wide range of pseudorapidity. The tracking system will be based on...
The use of multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry has become rather popular in the past decade. The technique provides for high mass resolving power ($m/\Delta m\sim10^6$) and fast analysis ($t_{obs}<<100~$ms) which makes it competitive with Penning trap time-of-flight ion cyclotron resonance measurements, with the added advantage of a much greater tolerance for contaminants and...
The evolution of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formed in heavy-ion collisions is modelled with multi-stage models. The models are driven by a large number of parameters that quantify the properties of the medium as well as the initial stage of a heavy-ion collision. The need to find model parameters that give the best description of experimental data imposes a...
The neutron-rich transitional nuclei with $A\sim190$ demonstrate a shape transition from well-deformed to $\gamma$-soft structures with increasing neutron number [1]. Some of the nuclei in this region have been well studied in previous experimental investigations of nuclear masses, nuclear structure, and transitions, as summarized in a recent review paper [2].
Recently, the use of...
In this talk, I will review the status of lattice QCD calculations
critical for analyzing neutrino interactions with nuclear targets,
focusing on the nucleon axial charge and form factors. The Deep
Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), an upcoming neutrino
oscillation experiment, will benefit significantly from precise
lattice QCD calculations of these quantities. Improved...
The Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) is one of the hottest topics in the recent nuclear physics and is generally interpreted as the anti-phase oscillation of the excess neutron skin and core. On the other hand, some theoretical studies suggest that the conventional interpretation may not be complete, and the full description of the PDR is still under debate. For instance, Inakura et al. pointed...
The intrinsic deformation of atomic nuclei has been explored employing a host of experimental techniques and theoretical approaches over the last several decades. Some of the experimental probes are high-energy heavy ion collisions, electron-scattering, muonic X-rays, isotopes shift, Coulomb excitation, neutron-scattering, $\alpha$-scattering, proton scattering, deuteron-scattering,...
The relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory is a versatile framework widely employed in nuclear physics, offering applications that range from calculating finite nuclei properties, such as binding energies and charge radii, to generating the nuclear matter equation of state (EoS) for characterizing neutron star properties, including mass, radius, and tidal deformability. Recent studies have...
The new experimental data about spontaneous fission was obtained for a range of heavy nuclei. Short-lived isotopes were synthesised in complete fusion and multi-nucleon transfer reactions on velocity filter SHELS. The modern SFiNx system and planned SHE Fission TPC detector will be presented.
The different configurations of the atomic nucleus, a self-bound quantum mechanical mesoscopic system, form a landscape of over 3000 known isotopes. However, even more than 100 years since its discovery by Ernest Rutherford, the complexity of the nucleus continues to elude a global theoretical description. To drive theory development, new experimental data are required from unexplored reaches...
We investigate the interplay among the pion’s form factor, transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs), and parton distribution functions (PDFs) extending our light-front quark model (LFQM) computation based on the Bakamjian-Thomas construction for the two-point function [1,2] to the three-point and four-point functions. Ensuring the four-momentum conservation at the meson-quark vertex...
Event-by-event mean transverse momentum fluctuations (⟨pT ⟩) offer a sensitive probe of initial state overlap area and energy density fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We investigate these fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at 3.0–19.6 GeV, focusing on the centrality and energy dependence using an improved multiphase transport (AMPT) model. A power-law dependence of pT cumulants...
The nuclear matter equation of state (EOS) is important not only for understanding the properties and structure of nuclei, but also astrophysical phenomena such as neutron star mergers and supernova explosions. In the field of experimental nuclear physics, efforts have been made to elucidate the EOS by determining the behaviour near saturation density and in symmetric matter by measuring...
The Inner Tracking System (ITS2) plays a crucial role in tracking and vertex reconstruction in the ALICE experiment at Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The detector consists of seven cylindrical layers equipped with Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS), featuring a pixel size of 27 by 29 $\mu$m and sensor thickness of 50-100 $\mu$m. Since the beginning of Run 3 in August 2022, ITS2 has...
Shape coexistence is a phenomenon where multiple shapes occur within the same nucleus and has been proposed to exist in all nuclei [1]. In particular, neutron-deficient Pb nuclei near the N=104 mid-shell provide fruitful ground for investigating this phenomenon. Notably, $^{186}$Pb, $^{188}$Pb and $^{190}$Pb isotopes exhibit three distinct shapes near their ground states [2-7]. In the...
Particle physics is a field of study that explores the fundamental particles and their interactions based on quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity, aiming to understand the foundation of the universe and nature. Advances in particle physics have become the basis for modern technologies such as medicine and artificial intelligence, significantly impacting everyday life.
The findings...
The low-energy multipole spectrum in isotopes 250-260No is investigated in the framework of fully self-consistent Quasiparticle-Random-Phase-Approximation (QRPA) method with Skyrme forces (SLy6, SkM* and SVbas) is applied. The main attention is paid to nuclei 252No and 254No, where we have most of the experimental spectroscopic information [3,4]. In addition to low-energy one-phonon...
Jets, collimated showers of particles originating from high-energy parton scatterings, are powerful probes for testing perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) in large momentum transfer ($Q^2$) events. They may also provide insights into the possible emergence of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in high-multiplicity events, through jet quenching phenomena, such as hadron-jet correlations.
The...
Accurate nuclear masses not only provide indispensable information on nuclear structure, but also deliver important input data for applications in nuclear astrophysics. The challenge today is to obtain accurate masses of nuclei located far away from the valley of stability. Recently, we have developed a brand new technique, the Brho-defined isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS), at the cooler...
The nuclear industry is at a cornerstone of global energy security and technological advancement. It however faces some significant challenges in fostering diversity and inclusion (D&I) across its workforce. Starting science engagement at an earlier stage ensures addressing public misconceptions surrounding the nuclear sector. Development of interactive educational practices, such as using...
With new radioactive-ion-beam facilities such as FRIB becoming operational, the properties of nuclei in close proximity to the driplines are coming within reach of high-precision measurements. Within the last year, at a fraction of FRIB’s ultimate beam intensity, we used the LEBIT facility [1] to successfully perform Penning-trap mass measurements of 101Sn, 103Sn [2], 23Si, and 22Al [3]. These...
The 12C(α, γ)16O reaction is one of the most crucial reactions in nuclear astrophysics, and thus in the past several decades attracts great efforts that further our understanding of this fundamental reaction [1]. The properties of several states in 16O strongly affect the 12C(α, γ)16O reaction rate. In recent years we developed an independent technique based on the (11B, 7Li) transfer reaction...
I discuss recent developments in applying machine learning and quantum computing algorithms to the study of nuclear many-body systems. I cover several techniques developed by my research group with collaborators as well as those introduced by others in the field.
Yemilab is a new underground research facility in Korea, located 1,000 meters below ground within an active iron mine. The laboratory includes two large cavities for large-scale experiments and about 3,000 square meters of tunnel-based laboratory space. Access to the lab is provided by a rampway, which can accommodate large trucks, and a 600-meter vertical elevator shaft. At the base of these...
The characteristic 1.157 MeV $\gamma$-rays from the radioactive decay of $^{44}$Ti ($t_{1/2}$ = 59.1 y) provide information about supernova explosion phenomena. The study of $^{44}$Ti($\alpha$,$p$)$^{47}$V reaction rates is essential for predicting the abundance of $^{44}$Ti. To study the properties of energy levels in $^{48}$Cr, $^{50}$Cr($p$,$t$)$^{48}$Cr reaction will be performed at the...
Microchannel plate (MCP) detectors are widely utilized in experimental setups for nuclear physics studies at low and medium energies. These detectors offer excellent timing resolution and precise position information via delay-line anode readouts [1, 2]. As a result, MCP detectors have found significant applications in nuclear physics experiments requiring high precision and resolution in both...
A search for resonance excitation of $^7$Li by the solar axions has been realized with the Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillation bolometers, used to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo in the AMoRE project at the phase-1 experiment. The detection of 478 keV de-excitation gamma of $^7$Li$^*$ would indicate the existence of solar axion. The five Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals, used as a...
The existence of magic numbers of protons and neutrons in nuclei is essential for understanding the nuclear structure and fundamental nuclear forces. Over decades, researchers have conducted theoretical and experimental studies on a new magic number, Z(N)=6, focusing on observables such as radii, binding energy, electromagnetic transition, and nucleon separation energies. We performed ab...
Designing and optimizing target structures is one of the most critical steps in high-intensity laser experiments, like laser-driven neutron sources, which are increasingly recognized for their compactness and portability. Here, we propose an AI-assisted target design approach that leverages artificial intelligence algorithms in combination with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. This newly...
We use the Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) method to study the total,Coulomb and nuclear breakups in 6,7 Li on 58 Ni and 208 Pb target masses. The objective is to study whether the target charge can explain the importance of the Coulomb breakup cross sections over its nuclear breakup cross sections. Since this reaction is regarded as the
Coulomb dominant. We observed that the...
Studies of Ordinary Muon Capture (OMC) provide crucial insights into nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) that play a crucial role for neutrino ($\nu$) mass studies by double beta decay (DBD) and astro-$\nu$ nuclear interactions. OMC on a nucleus $^A_Z$X, with $A$ and $Z$ being the mass and atomic numbers, proceeds via a proton-neutron conversion, leading to the nuclear excitation around 0-50 MeV...
In a variety of applications, such as medical diagnostics, nuclear safety, and environmental monitoring, $\gamma$-ray spectrometry is essential for the analysis of radioactive isotopes. The goal of this research is to create a $\gamma$-ray spectrometry system that is improved by Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN), a machine learning algorithm renowned for its effectiveness with complex data and...
This work has obtained the constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy from neutron-skin thickness data of PREX and CREX as well as neutron-star data of GW170817, PSR J0030+0451, and PSR J0740+6620 using a Bayesian approach, based on the standard Skyrme-Hartree Fock (SHF) model and its extension as well as the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model.
While the neutron-skin...
Electromagnetic calorimeters are key to deep inelastic scattering experiments. At the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), in the ePIC experiment, the Barrel Imaging Calorimeter (BIC) will be an electromagnetic calorimeter located in the barrel region. It consists of alternating layers of Lead and Scintillating Fibers (Pb/SciFi) for energy measurement, interleaved with silicon pixel detectors for...
Newcomb discovered that natural datasets often exhibit a non-uniform distribution of leading digits, with smaller digits occurring more frequently. Benford later formalized this observation with a mathematical law, providing a precise formula for the expected distribution of the first significant digits based on logarithmic probabilities. Benford's law states the probability of a number...
A significant milestone in the field of gamma-ray spectroscopy has been the development of highly-segmented germanium detectors to meet the growing need of excellent spectroscopic capabilities. These detectors combined with advanced techniques such as, Pulse Shape Analysis (PSA) and Gamma-Ray Tracking (GRT) are considered as highly promising options for gamma-ray imaging applications [1]. The...
This poster presents a study on using neutrino induced charge current coherent pion production ($\nu\text{CC-Coh}\pi$) as a tool for constraining the neutrino flux at the neutrino experiments, specifically the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). We develop a procedure that leverages measured $\nu\text{CC-Coh}\pi$ events to fit for the neutrino flux while simultaneously accounting for...
The KAPAE Phase II detector was developed to investigate the invisible decay of positronium, with a focus on exploring theoretical phenomena such as milli-charged particles, mirror worlds, new light X-bosons, extra dimensions, and dark photons. As the first step, this study focuses on the search for dark photons through the decay of para-positronium. The detector is maintained at -30°C and...
Study of quantum many-body phenomena is one of most exciting issues in modern physics. Since the involvement of various degrees of freedom, the nuclear matter is a promising candidate for the investigation. Meanwhile, the superconductivity as a result of the condensation of Cooper pairs that are formed by two electrons, can be successfully described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS)...
In this study, we revisit the quasi-elastic scattering angular distributions for the 10,11B + 232Th systems at near-barrier energies, initially measured and analyzed by Dubey et al. (PRC 94, 064610 (2016)). In the previous analysis, the quasi-elastic cross-section included contributions from inelastic scattering to the low-lying excited states (2+ at 49.37 keV and 4+ at 162.12 keV) of the...
The Rare Isotope Accelerator complex ON-line experiment (RAON) is being developed as the flagship Radioactive Isotope (RI) facility for fundamental researches and applications in Korea.
RAON involves the use of RI beams for the production of RI, with purpose of expand our research filed to encompass with more exotic region.
Achieving this initiative, a high-power Isotope Separator On-Line...
The dynamical SU(3) symmetry of the Interacting Boson Model (IBM) has been employed to study the systematic of superdeformed (SD) bands in Pb isotopes for the first time. This SU(3) symmetry describes the characteristics of deformed nuclei in a generalized way. For each SD band in Pb isotopes, the level spins are suggested. The model parameters are determined using a computer-based program to...
The neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) event, if observed, would verify the Majorana nature of neutrinos and provide strong support for one of the hypotheses explaining the matter-dominated universe. As a part of the CANDLES experiment, aiming to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ of $^{48}$Ca, we develop CaF$_{2}$ detectors operating at millikelvin (mK) temperatures for phonon and...
Active Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC) is one of state-of-the-art particle detectors which allows a precise measurement of nuclear reactions using rare isotope beams. A new Active Target TPC for Multiple nuclear physics eXperiments (AToM-X) is under development at the Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies (CENS). It consists of a highly segmented Time Projection Chamber (TPC) using a...
Structure and correlations of nuclei at and beyond the neutron drip line have attracted lots of attention in the last decades [1,2]. Strongly correlated neutrons may also form neutron clusters (e.g., n, 4n). Despite many experimental and theoretical efforts, the properties of these neutron clusters still remain elusive [3,4].
To study the structure of extremely neutron-rich nuclei and the...
$\alpha$-induced reactions play critical roles in nucleosynthesis processes such as the s-process, r-process and $\alpha$p process occurring in explosive stellar environments. However, significant uncertainties remain due to the difficulty of direct reaction measurements, particularly for the low cross sections of $\alpha$-induced reactions at energies associated with stellar temperatures....
Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD) are multidimensional structure functions parameterizing the interaction of a particle with the constituent partons of hadrons, encoding information like the spatial distribution of partons or the mechanical and spin properties of hadrons through the correlation between the longitudinal momentum and transverse position of partons inside the hadron. While...
We investigate the two-vector meson production near threshold via $\bar p p\to\phi\phi$ equation using an effective Lagrangian method. Our calculations suggest that the $N^{(*)}$ exchange in the t- and u-channel contributes to the total cross section of reactions near threshold. Contributions form $f_0$ and $f_2$ mesons in the s-channel lead to a peaking structure in the total cross section....
Study of nuclei near proton shell closure $Z=82$ is important, as interplay between different shapes has been observed in this region. Recent experiments show triaxial shapes, in addition to the symmetric oblate shapes, in odd-odd Tl nuclei in A $\sim$ 190 region. The proton Fermi level for Tl lies near the $3s_{1/2}$ orbital, but highly shape driving $h_{9/2}$ and $i_{13/2}$ Nilsson orbitals...
The General Description of Fission Observables (GEF) code is widely used for predicting various fission observables, including fission product mass distributions. Accurate fission product yield (FPY) predictions are crucial for applications in reactor physics, nuclear security, and spent fuel management. Traditional models, such as the 5-Gaussian model, rely on a limited parameter set and may...
The synthesis of heavy elements such as gold and uranium remains one of the profound mysteries in astrophysics. These elements are believed to form through rapid neutron capture reactions (r-process) occurring in extreme astrophysical environments. To unravel this process, it is crucial to understand the properties of thousands of neutron-rich nuclei (RIs) produced during r-process...
Isospin symmetry implies that the nuclear force is nearly equal between the proton-proton, neutron-neutron and proton-neutron pairs in the atomic nucleus. To probe this symmetry, one may study the so-called ''mirror nuclei" that have interchanged numbers of protons and neutrons, and thus should have analogue structures. The difference in excitation energy of the states characterized by the...
Nuclear shapes, or deformations, range from spherical harmonic vibrators to axially symmetric and γ-unstable (axially asymmetric) rotors, which represent the idealized limits of nuclear structure. These configurations correspond to distinct dynamical symmetries encoded within the interacting boson approximation (IBA): the spherical vibrator is associated with U(5), the axially symmetric rotor...
The triple-alpha process, crucial for the synthesis of carbon-12 in stellar environments, primarily relies on the Hoyle state at 7.654 MeV. While de-excitation dominantly proceeds through radiative decay, particle-induced scattering $^{12}$C(HS)($p$,$p'$)$^{12}$C has been proposed as an additional enhancement channel under high-temperature and high-density conditions. A previous experiment ...
The Daejeon16 NN interaction, based on SRG-evolved N3LO interaction and fitted to light nuclei via Okubo-Lee-Suzuki transformation, effectively reproduces many properties of narrow states in p-shell nuclei without explicit three-nucleon forces. We are extending this approach to describe the nuclei near Z=8 including the light sd-shell.
The goal of this study is to develop a liquid scintillator with an increased water ratio to enhance cost-effectiveness, unlike conventional liquid scintillators that use costly solvents or surfactants. To achieve this, various solvents, solutes, and mixing methods were tested, and acetone was selected as the optimal solvent. As a result, a liquid scintillator with a water content of 70% was...
Nuclear physics is a foundation of modern science, providing critical insights into the fundamental structure of matter, nuclear reactions, and processes governing the universe's evolution. However, the field is characterized by immense computational challenges due to the inherently complex nature of nuclear systems \cite{national2001physics}. Modeling nuclear structure involves solving...
nvestigating Branching Points and Isomeric Influences in the s-Process
near A ∼ 180
Shrikant Thorat1,2, Sutanu Bhattacharya3, B. Maheshwari4, A.K.Jain1,5, A. Goel1, and R. Palit2
1Amity Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
2Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
3Racah Institute...
The study of excited nuclear states near shell closures serves as a vital framework for advancing our understanding of nuclear structure. While neutron-rich nuclei around magic numbers far from the line of stability, such as N = 82, have been extensively explored using conventional production methods like fission and fragmentation, the region near the doubly magic nucleus 208Pb along the N=126...
In present work, we have taken the expansion of this two variable (Z,N) Taylor series upto fourth order of its derivative and have obtained an elaborate as well as a concise-averaged expression for the estimation of these residual n-p interactions. The parameters of fitting seem to differ by an appreciable amount for different species of the nuclei, thus, separate parameters for even-even,...
Introduction
The concept of isospin was put forward by Heisenberg to describe the charge independence property of nuclear forces, and a detailed theoretical framework of the same was provided by Wigner [1]. The isospin quantum number $T$ treats protons and neutrons on the same footing and puts strict selection rules on nuclear reactions, decays, and transitions [2]. These selection...
The investigation of collective motion in nuclei, especially through vibrational modes, presents a valuable approach to examining various aspects of the structure of quantal many-body systems. One example of such a collective nuclear vibration is isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR) which is described as an out-of-phase oscillation between neutrons and protons. Generally, the width...
Korean MIP Timing Detector(MTD) group is contributing the Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) of the MTD. ETL uses LGAD sensors with time resolution has 30~50ps that makes Particle Identification(PID) possible in numerous pile-up. This talk aims to present the activity of the Korean MTD group.
In this study, laser spectroscopy was successfully performed on a sodium (Na) atomic beam using laser spectroscopic
techniques. By directing a laser beam parallel to a 20 keV Na beam generated from a silicon carbide (SiC) target,
fluorescence variations were measured based on the acceleration voltage of the atomic beam, allowing spectroscopic
signals of 23Na, 22Na and
21Na to be...
Near- and sub-barrier fusion reactions [1,2] between doubly magic nuclei are important benchmarks for theoretical models to reproduce the experimental evidence. The cases of 16O + 16O, 48Ca + 48Ca, and 16O + 208Pb have been measured. We add 40Ca + 90Zr even if Z=40 is not a major shell closure. 48Ca + 208Pb populates superheavy nuclei and involves different features.
Surprisingly, no...
Laser spectroscopy can accurately measure the hyperfine structure and isotope shifts of atoms and ions, enabling the extraction of fundamental nuclear properties such as spins, magnetic moments, electric quadrupole moments, and charge radii in a nuclear-model-independent manner [1]. Laser resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) is one of the approaches to measure the HFS spectrum with higher...
Nuclear mass is a fundamental quantity of an atomic nucleus. Theoretically, many methods have been developed to describe and predict nuclear masses. Simple relations of masses between two mirror nuclei, which correlate to the difference of Coulomb energies, were suggested by Bao et al. in 2016 and were proved to be very accurate and useful in predicting masses of proton-rich nuclei with the...
In this study, the cross-sections of natNd(p,x) reactions were determined up to 100 MeV using off-line γ-ray spectrometry and a stacked-foil activation technique. The irradiation was carried out at the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) with 100 MeV proton beams, and Al and Cu foils were utilized to monitor the beam flux. The induced radioactivity of each irradiated sample was...
In the nuclear mass surface, the (two) proton- or (two) neutron-separation energies, deduced from the nuclear masses, actually the variations of them along the isotopic or isotonic chain illustrates the evolution of nuclear shell structure of the atomic nuclei. From the systematic study, we can obtain insights on the nuclear interaction between the nucleons.
To understand the stellar...
With the acceleration of climate change, the increasing frequency of wildfires and earthquakes, recurring energy crises, and the release of contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant, our societies are confronted with a growing range of natural and human-induced hazards. These circumstances highlight the critical need for educational approaches that foster hazard...
The Rare Isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON) at the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS) in Korea produces rare isotopes using an Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facility. The ISOL system consists of a cyclotron, a target ion source (TIS) module system, a pre-mass separator, a rare isotope identification station, an RFQ cooler and buncher (RFQCB), an electron beam...
Neutrino oscillation is a key phenomenon for testing beyond the Standard Model. Due to the weak interaction of neutrinos, large-volume detectors and effective background discrimination are required. Liquid scintillator (LS) is a suitable medium for constructing large-volume detectors. Light produced in LS is generally amplified by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and converted into electronic...
Reaction dynamics induced by proton drip-line nuclei at energies around the Coulomb barrier is one of the most popular topics in nuclear physics. In order to further investigate the reaction mechanisms of proton drip-line nuclei, we performed the complete-kinematics measurements of $^8$B+$^{120}$Sn and $^{17}$F+$^{58}$Ni at CRIB, University of Tokyo. Two detector arrays, i.e., the silicon...
The isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR) serves as a crucial tool for probing a wide range of phenomena, from r-process nucleosynthesis to the determination of the strength of gravitational waves. Generally, the width of the IVGDR ($\Gamma_G$) increases with temperature ($T$) in the range of 1 MeV $\lesssim T\lesssim 3$ MeV, with the possibility of saturation at higher temperatures [1]....
The first $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy of $^{78}$Ni [1] and the recent studies on $^{79}$Zn [2,3], just below the N=50 shell closure, suggests that deformed intruder configurations could play a crucial role in low-energy structure properties in this region and towards the limits of the nuclear chart. Such configurations are predicted to originate from multiparticle-multihole excitations [4] above...
This study focuses on simulating the production of beryllium-7 ($^{7}$Be), a radioactive isotope generated in Earth's atmosphere, using Geant4 and the Cosmic Ray Library (CRY), and comparing the results with experimental data. $^{7}$Be is primarily produced when cosmic rays interact with nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and its concentration varies with solar activity and seasonal changes....
Cryogenic detectors are widely used in searches for rare physics processes such as neutrino and dark matter interactions. Lowering the detection energy threshold not only helps better understanding of background but also enriches the physics program of the experiment. A new trigger method has been developed using Pearson correlation coefficient, also known as $r$-value. The new method compares...
A primary goal of nuclear physics is to understand the behavior of many-body systems bound by the strong interaction. In contrast, hypernuclear physics aims to extend this understanding, primarily built upon the NN interaction, to include new flavors (strangeness) such as the YN and YY interactions.
One notable example involves the study of neutron stars, massive baryonic objects with a...
Studies of double beta (2𝜈𝛽𝛽) decay to various excited states in different isotopes provide valuable insights into nuclear structure models. The AMoRE, which utilizes an array of $^{100}$Mo-enriched CaMoO$_{4}$ and Li$_{2}$MoO$_{4}$ crystal scintillators, is advantageous for investigating 2𝜈𝛽𝛽 decay of $^{100}$Mo to the excited states of $^{100}$Ru.
In the AMoRE-I phase, we measured the...
Abstract:
The pairing correlation is essential for understanding low-energy nuclear structure, particularly under varying conditions of temperature and angular momentum.At low temperatures and angular momentum, nucleons near the Fermi surface tend to pair up, leading to strong pairing correlations.However, as temperature (T) or angular momentum (J) increases, these pairing of nucleons is...
Studying particle-hole excitation levels near closed nuclear shells enhances our understanding of single-particle properties and two-body interactions. Although the changes in nuclear of structure doubly magic and near doubly magic nucleus such as $^{4}$He, $^{16}$O, $^{40}$Ca, $^{4}$H, and $^{40}$K are well studied, information on charge-changing particle excitation states in $^{48}$Ca (T=5...
Proton elastic scattering on $^{12}$C is a technique for obtaining detailed information about resonance states and energy levels of $^{13}$N. The interaction between protons and carbon nuclei is also important for ion-beam analysis (IBA) used for light element depth profiling in solids.
Discrepancies have emerged in cross-section data at laboratory scattering angles of $~$150$^o$ and...
Necessity of three-nucleon forces (3NFs) has now become known to describe various nuclear phenomena (e.g. biding energy of light nuclei, observables of few-nucleon scattering). On the other hand, the 3NFs, especially the spin dependence, is not yet fully understood. We plan to perform a polarized deuteron–polarized proton ($\vec{d}-\vec{p}$) scattering experiment to measure the spin...
test
In high-energy heavy-ion collision experiments, a pseudo-rapidity, $\eta$, independent behavior emerges in a two-particle angular correlation in the forward direction over a relatively wide range of $\eta$. This behavior is designated the "Ridge." The Ridge behavior observed during high-energy nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions, which was adequately explained by elliptic and higher-order flows...
The UNF code calculates fast neutron reaction data of medium heavy nuclei with incident energies from about 1 keV up to 20 MeV. The first version of the UNF code was completed in 1994. The code has been developed continually since that time and has often been used as an evaluation tool for setting up CENDL and for analyzing the measurements of fissile materials. During these years many...
The astrophysical origin for the chemical elements between the first and second $r$-process peaks is a matter of intense debate, with a number of nucleosynthesis processes at explosive stellar environments possibly contributing to their production. Reliable data on the trends of neutron separation energies of neutron-rich isotopes are required to model neutron-capture processes that would...
The fusion/capture cross sections (CSs) of complex nuclei are often described in the literature within two approaches: i) the coupled channels model accounting for structure of the colliding nuclei [1,2] and ii) trajectory models with friction and thermal fluctuations (dissipative effects) [3,4]. The first approach does not account for friction whereas the second one is not able to deal with...
The Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) system at the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS) successfully generated a variety of rare isotopes (RI). A variety of devices are used to verify the RI generated. The produced ions from the Target Ion Source (TIS) are cooled and bunched using the Radio Frequency Quadrupole Cooler Buncher (RFQ CB) to improve the charge breeding efficiency of the...
The diverse structural phenomena in nuclei with few valence protons above Z=50 major shell closure, are interesting to study. In A~120-130 region, the collectivity in the nuclear structures is mainly driven by the valence neutrons, while valence protons promote the single particle excitations. Both the protons and neutrons occupy the same set of orbitals, viz., 2d$_{5/2}$, 1g$_{7/2}$,...
